Administrative Notice about Abominables

In future all information pertaining to living examples of fossil humans, Almas of Asia and the American counterpart,is to be sent to the Frontiers of Anthropology blog. If there is any new information on uncaught anthropoid apes, Yetis, Yeren, Yowies or Skunk apes (NAPEs), it shall be treated as any other news item, but I don't see any particular value in going over the older information again. Any information on fossil Gigantopithecus or possible survival of Gigantopithecus is to be given a higher priority, but once again we intend to focus on new material and news items on this blog.

                   Orangutan and Orang Pendek. Orang Pendek is considered identical to the smaller kind
                   of Yeti and Yeren, and a kind of Australian Yowie: similar creatures are also reported in
                   both North and South America. This information is still in exact accordance with Ivan T.
                   Sanderson's remarks on the subject made in 1961

Siberian Almas illustration

Posted by the Ohio Bigfoot Conference:

Siberian Almas illustration

"Here's a beautiful artistic depiction of an Alma from eastern Russia.
The eyes really stand out from a creepy perspective."

"Dan Baker said it was done by Kainan Jordan.... Thanks Dan."

To which I added my own additional notes:

Same as our Eastern Bigfoot

Dale Drinnon: In this version as well as several from North America, the male is in the process of balding. They seldom go completely bald on top (but it happens): more usually the hair thins until there is only a sparse cover. The pattern of balding is the same as in certain human ethnic groups where the males tend to go bald. The big red eyes are also exactly the same, and this old fellow looks like he has some broken teeth. I think the nose is also similar but reports mentioning the nose also tell of a variety of shapes.
17 hours ago ( 7 AM EST)
Dale Drinnon: The head tends to dome up in this sort, but it might be anywhere from flat on top to egg-shaped like this one: and the hair on top of it can also form a peak (it can also be bushy and stand out all over) 17 hours ago

Fraser N Hesse: That's an amazingly good one! Very well done!
 about an hour ago

Taylor Esteban Englert: I look for Nantiinaq in AK, very similar- Rumor is two towns had to be vacated after attacks on loggers in Portlock, and Port Chatham. The State then made it the first State Park during the 40's, to keep people away.
19 minutes ago

Dale Drinnon: Thanks for sharing that
19 minutes ago
·
Taylor Esteban Englert: They only live close with black bears,and cant compete with brown bears, and avoid them they say.Supposedly they still live around Diablo mt.

[-This last part concerning the bears makes sense and could have something to do with the distribution of reports-DD]

Neanderthal Notices

Jay Cooney suggested it would be a good thing to mention the matter of the Nebraskan Neanderthals or Loess Men which has been reprinted at the Frontiers of Anthropology Blog. Here is the link to that posting:
http://frontiers-of-anthropology.blogspot.com/2013/12/the-neanderthaloid-loess-men-of-nebraska.html

And Jay has also argued that the term "American Almas" is really better than "Eastern Bigfoot" I agree but I should make the note that "American Almas" is my own  term but "Eastern Bigfoot" comes from other sources. When the reports started to be taken seriously in the middle and later 1970s, the term "Eastern Bigfoot" was used by several popular sources and so it was the one which is probably more familiar to more researchers. Mark A. Hall and Loren Coleman have used the term but they make the specification that it is an American subsection of the Marked Hominid, common in many other parts of Eurasia also.

"American Neanderthal"-- Publisher's Description

HOW ANY RESPECTABLE CLUB- AND STONE-CARRYING CAVEMAN INDEED SHOULD HAVE LOOKED. When Neanderthal relics surfaced during the 19th century, established artists were employed to flesh out the likely appearance of these erstwhile Eurasians. The rendering at center is based upon the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton, unearthed in France in 1908. It was the first complete skeleton of the type ever excavated. The drawing was initially published in 1909 in France's L'Illustration. And a week later in England's Illustrated London News. It was done in the (old school) representational style of art by (of all unlikely people) Czech painter, Frantisek Kupka. Kupka was the co-founder of the abstract art movement and Orphic cubism. But there was nothing abstract nor cubist about this simple image. Which was based upon the anatomical work of French paleontologist, Marcellin Boule, who had commissioned the picture. However, the La Chapelle-aux-Saints bones were in truth of a crippled and elderly Neanderthal. With a deformed skeleton from advanced arthritis. So paleontologist Boule mistakenly concluded that all Neanderthals were malformed, hunched over, gorilla-like creatures. Therefore, (mostly abstract & cubist) painter Kupka portrayed them as such. At bottom left is German anatomist Hermann Schlaaffhausen's 1857 sketch of the likely owner of the historic Neanderthal 1 bones: the crucial 'type specimen' relics used for taxonomic classification of this new species of early humans. The Neanderthal 1 remains were found in 1856 in a limestone quarry in the German town of Erkrath, near Düsseldorf (see paras. 14-15). The Neanderthal illustration at far right was commissioned for the 1965 book, Early Man. Which was penned by American anthropologist, Francis Clark Howell, the father of modern paleoanthropology. Howell's book was part of a popular Time-Life series of educational volumes entitled, Life Nature Library. And lastly, at top left is a model of a Neanderthal (c. 1920), produced for Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History. The Chicago exhibit was based upon a (purportedly) flawed interpretation of the best anatomical specimens of the time. But all of the reconstructions of the period --- including the more reasoned Chicago and Time-Life versions --- nevertheless depicted Neanderthal as either a hairy, no-necked, or otherwise rough-hewn species. Simple primates. Who never left their caves without a crude club in one hand. And a rough stone in the other. Or what Pulitzer Prize winner Jared Diamond (Guns, Germs, & Steel) might characterize as the basic, NEANDERTHAL FOUNDER PACKAGE

http://free.yudu.com/item/details/444801/-Q.--AMERICAN-NEANDERTHAL.--SubmarineArchaeologyTimes.blogspot.com-

Almas as depicted by Michael Waite

http://www.examiner.com/article/cryptozoology-the-almas-wild-man

Cryptozoology--The Almas (Wild Man)

Artist's depiction of the AlmasMitch Waite

Artist's depiction of the AlmasMitch Waite

Mitchell WaiteAZ Cryptozoology Examiner

 

November 17, 2012

 

The Almas also known as Abnauayu, Almasty, Albasty, Bekk-bok, Biabin-guli, Golub-yayan, Gul-biavan, Auli-avan, Kaptar, Kra-dhun, Ksy-gyik, Ochokochi, Mirygdy, Mulen, Voita, and Wind-man. The term Almas is Mongolian for “Wild man”. These creatures are unconfirmed, but there is quite a bit of evidence of their existence. The territory of the Almas includes the Altai Mountains of Southern Mongolia, The Pamir Mountains of Asia, and the Caucasus of Central Asia.
The Almas are reported to be a bipedal primate or hominids which are very human-like. Adults average five to six feet tall, and some reports have them near seven feet, and 300 pounds. They have early human like facial features with a heavy brow line, prominent chin, and flat broad nose. Their bodies are covered with brown hair with a reddish tint. This description brings to mind the image of the caveman.
A sighting was described by Myra Shackley in her article “Still Living?”. She reports a 1963 event by pediatrician Ivan Ivlov who was working with Mongolian children. He discovered that many of the children had seen the Almases. Neither was afraid of each other.
Some Crypto zoologists believe the Almas may be related to the Neanderthal, which may lend credence to the story of Zana the wild woman who was thought to be an Almas who lived among humans in T’khina in the Caucasus near Abkhazia. She was captured in 1850 and soon became part of the village. She gave birth to several children, from a human father. Surviving children grew up to be normal and functional members of the village. Zana died in 1890.
A second captured Almas happened in 1941 by the Red Army. Unfortunately, the male was interrogated by the army, and was either unable or refused to answer questions. He was executed for being a spy. He was reported to be very human like with dark brown hair covering his body.
In recent DNA testing of the Human Race, it was determined that most modern Caucasian Humans have some genes from the Neanderthal. The report goes on to say the genes are not existent in those who originating in Africa. This report seems to indicate that those from Europe must have had children with the Neanderthal in the early beginnings of modern man. This leads to all kinds of speculation.
Could Bigfoot be related to the Almas? Could the Almas be Neanderthal? Could Bigfoot be our cousins?

Sykes on Almas Zana's DNA: Yes....and NO

The story of ‘Zana’ the Wild Woman, as Explained by DNA analysis

http://www.channel4.com/info/press/news/was-russian-bigfoot-actually-an-african-slave

 

The following news story is reproduced under the terms of the definition of Fair Use. Thank You.,

 

Was Russian ‘Bigfoot’ actually an African slave?.

 

Published: 01/11/2013

Bryan Sykes, Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Oxford, has carried out DNA tests on saliva samples taken from descendants of Zana – a so-called ‘wild woman’ captured in the late 19th century in southern Russia, who local people believe was an ‘Almasty’.
Professor Sykes’ research (part of a worldwide analysis of alleged Bigfoot samples), has yielded a remarkable result: that Zana’s ancestry was 100% Sub-Saharan African and that she was most probably a slave brought to the region by the ruling Ottomans.
To answer the riddle and establish what species she belonged to, Professor Sykes has tested samples from six of Zana’s living descendants. He has also recovered DNA from a tooth taken from the skull of one of her sons, Khwit. Such work is highly specialized and Sykes was the first geneticist ever to extract DNA from ancient bone.
But the big surprise in Sykes’ results was that Zana’s DNA is not Caucasian at all, but African. Khwit’s tooth sample confirms her maternal African ancestry and the saliva tests on the six living descendants show that they all contain African DNA in the right proportions for Zana to have been genetically 100% sub-Saharan African. 

“The most obvious solution that springs to mind is that Zana or her ancestors were brought from Africa to Abkhazia as slaves, when it was part of the slave trading Ottoman Empire, to work as servants or labourers,” says Professor Sykes. “While the Russians ended slavery when they took over the region in the late 1850s, some Africans remained behind. Was Zana one of them, who was living wild in the forest when she was captured?“
But that theory would not explain her extraordinary features, described by reliable eyewitnesses. There is an even more intriguing alternative theory. Having carefully studied the skull of Zana's son, Khwit, Professor Sykes believes there are some unusual morphological skull features – such as very wide eye sockets, an elevated brow ridge and what appears to be an additional bone at the back of the skull – that could suggest ancient, as opposed to modern, human origins.
And Sykes has raised the bold theoretical possibility that Zana could be a remnant of an earlier human migration out of Africa, perhaps tens of thousands, of years ago. If correct, Zana could be evidence of a hitherto unknown human 'tribe', dating from a distant time when the human species was still evolving and whose ancestors were forced into remote regions, like the Caucasus mountains, by later waves of modern humans coming out of Africa.
One of the Russian Almasty hunters, Dr Igor Burtsev, offers testimony in the Channel 4 documentary that may back this theory up. He unearthed Khwit's skull in 1971 and a few years later, showed it to a group of anthropologists in Moscow. They were, he says 'amazed', and identified a mix of 'primitive' and 'progressive' (modern) features in the skull. Lacking the scientific tools at Sykes' disposal, they could take it no further. Now Sykes is able to propose the theory with some confidence.
It is only a theory at this stage - and a bold and speculative one at that. But Professor Sykes intends to study it much further before reaching his final conclusions.
Zana’s story will feature in Bigfoot Files on Channel 4 on Sunday, November 3rd at 8.00pm. In the programme Mark Evans also meets former heavyweight boxing champion of the world, seven foot tall Nikolai Valuev, who admits to having a bit of a Neanderthal look himself. He is now Duma Deputy (the equivalent of an MP) for Kemerovo in Siberia and fascinated in Almasty. The programme also investigates some of the other claimed sightings of the creatures in Russia.
The series, made by Icon Films, examines the stories behind famous Bigfoot sightings and Mark Evans meets people who believe passionately that other species of hominid exist. A book by Professor Sykes about his research The Yeti Enigma: A DNA Detective Story will be published by Coronet in Spring 2014.
The programme is available to view and there are images available.

Read the story of Zana  here.

Tip: Matthew Robinson

Zana’s son Khwit

 

[CRITICISM: The definite statement that the DNA was Not Caucasian at all but was Sub-Saharan African carries a somewhat different interpretation than Sykes has stated. Recently there have been several news stories about the DNA series which is unique to Africans and NOT shared with the Out of Africa crowd (especially Cauasians) at all. Such stories have been reprinted at Frontiers of Anthropology recently.

The gist of the theory is that the Africans inside Africa were breeding with a local distinct (and now extinct) variety of humans unknown outside of Africa and the inference has been made that this was "Rhodesian Man" or the local variety of H. heidelbergensis /H. sapiens heidelbergensis instead of having anything to do with the Neanderthals or Denisovans.

Saying that Zana's DNA was of a special kind of DNA NOT found in Caucasians might well imply the exact oppositre of what he is claimimg: Zana could be a relic "Rhodesian man" and the structure of Khvit's head and face definitely has that appearance.-DD]

Naked Apes, Dogs, Cats and Rats

People continue to ask me, if Bigfoot is hairy all over, how can it possibly be the same species as us? When I suggest the idea that Neanderthalers (and Heidelbergers) are probably the origin of some of the sightings and they are probably both A) hairy all over and B) the same species as us (varieties of Homo sapiens)

Here we have naked skinned, hairless variations of thec domestic dog and cat, and the lab rat, all of which are the same species as the more familiar fully haired species. Apparently it is a relatively simple mutation which turns the expression of a fully haired coat on or off and it does not affect the health or the well-being of the animal in any other way, besides the obvious fact that the animal is now exposed and vulnerable to the elements. And so it is with our own species. Evidently at one point about a million years ago, ancestors of our species went out of Africa and colonised much of the rerst of the world (evcentually). These were an odinary animal species, fully haired all over, except the brain was unusually developed and the creature was a habitual biped. Some hundreds of thousands of years later, a tropical phase of this species lost the hairy coat and then this new hairless kind went out of Africa to colonise the world. They prevailed while the older (archaic) hairy types went into  decline and finally went into hiding as refugees i the wilderness areas.

 

There are still some reasons to think we are the same species. Neanderthals were thought to have freely interbred with the normal H.sapiens, and the Almas woman Zana did likewise, which is one of the reasons to consider that the Almas types are relict Neanderthalers.

 

And there are still some of us that are perectly normal H.sapiens but just hairier than most of the rest of us. Having a hairy body alone is not good enough reason to say something is NOT a member of our species. And in mammals generally having more or less body hair is a trivial difference.

Followup to Meldrum article

There is a reconstruction of the Chinese Yeren included in the article and drawn after the Witness' specifications, the article's Figure 3:

I do consider this to be an exceptionally good representation but of the wrong type. This is at least partly copied fter a drawing made from reports in the Caucasus, of the Almas type. It is a pretty good representation of the Eastern Bigfoot AKA The American Almas. It is a different type than the typical Sasquatch that the footprints are attributed to in the article. Both types are present in China and especially noting also Manchuria, and this type is also reported all across Siberia and Central Asia, and traditionally into Japan also. This would include the Marked Hominid of Coleman and based on the work of Mark A. Hall, and the composite is a good match for "Mecheny"

Bones and teeth of this type have been found and they are classified as a variety or subspecies of Homo sapiens, differentiated from the rest of us mostly because they have more prominent body hair.

Saturday September 15, 2012

One Big foot for Hubei

The home of Bigfoot in China seeks to boost eco-tourism.
SHENNONGJIA, a forest region and long rumoured to be home of the elusive and “mythical” Bigfoot in the central province of Hubei, China, is looking into developing its eco-tourism to boost the region’s economy.
Less than two months after the Shennongjia Nature Reserve was given a 5A-Class Scenic Spot classification, China’s highest official ranking of scenery spots, the region has teamed up with Beijing to seek its help in developing its tourism industry following an agreement signed between Shennongjia and Beijing municipal commission of tourism development, Xinhua news agency reported.
Travel agencies in Beijing will launch several tour programmes, and the Chinese capital has agreed to provide training for tourism professionals in the underdeveloped region, said Shennongjia forest region party chief Qian Yuankun.
Qian believes an eco-tourism boom is impending in the coming years with Shennongjia’s first airport expected to be completed next year.

 It seems the big, mysterious, bipedal ape-man isn’t just confined to the US. China and even Malaysia seem to have them too. The sketch above is from johorhominid.org of the Malaysian variety.
 

Qu Hao, an official with the state-owned Shennong Tourism Company, said Beijing may send chartered flights or trains to Shennongjia during peak seasons as getting to the mountainous region can be challenging.
Located deep in the remote mountains in Hubei, Shennongjia Nature Reserve has long been rumoured to be home of the elusive creature known in China as Yeren or “Wildman” in English. It is often referred to as “Bigfoot” after the legendary North American ape-man.
More than 400 people have claimed sightings of Bigfoot in the Shennongjia region over the last century, but no evidence has been found to prove the creature’s existence. The region is also home to the rare golden monkeys, which are on the verge of extinction and were first spotted in Shennongjia in the 1960s.
Dubbed “Noah’s Arc”, the region provided shelter and protection for animals and plants against glacier activities some 2.5 million years ago.
Shennongjia, with its abundant rain and water resources and a middle-latitude location, is today home to more than 3,700 plant species and some 1,050 animal species. At least 40 plant species and 70 animal species are under key state protection.
Shennongjia was placed on the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)’s World Network of Biosphere Reserves list in 1990.

Source

 

Once Again for India, China, Tibet and Southeast Asia generally we are indicated to have a major kind of unknown primate of very large size that is quite rare, which leaves footprints of human shape but from 13 inches long to over 22 inches long, but 14 to 18 inches are typical. This is identical to the Sasquatch and is probably Gigantopithecus. The smaller mainland ape is called the Mawas in Malaysia, Xing-Xing in China and "Bigmonkey" (Olo-Bandar or Mahalangur) in India and Nepal and it is the type illustrated above as the Malaysian kind in the article above and again to the left. It is an ape related to the orangutan and possibly identical also to the Orang Pendek (Orang Padak in Malaysia)-the classification remains controversial at present. Mawas and Xing-Xing are names which are definitely used to mean orangutan also. One site gives the description which follows:

Also known as the Orang Mawa or the Malaysian Mawa, the Johor Hominid is a bipedal, ape-like cryptid that reportedly inhabits the [248 million-year-old] Johor jungle of Malaysia. Witnesses say the creature is covered in black fur, stands up to 12 feet (3.6 m) tall, and subsists on a diet of fish, fruit, and according to some reports, wild boar. The Orang Asli natives refer to the Johor Hominid as “Hantu jarang gigi”, which translates to “Snaggle-toothed Ghost.”
Reported sightings of the Johor Hominid date back as early as the late 1800s. The latter-half of the last century saw evidence of the creature’s existence in the form of large footprints, each with four toes and roughly 18 inches (45.7cm) long, found in 1995. In 2005, witnesses reported seeing a Johor Bigfoot family, including parents and a juvenile, near the Kincin River, where more footprints were later found. This description is more of the Sasquatch type. I have set the date of the jungle off by brackets because that date obviously represents the date of the bedrock and not the jungle which currently grows on top of it.

 

Gigantopithecus,_Museum_of_Man,_San_Diego (file name) From Wikipedia

Also at the same time there is the more usual Wildman type to which Ivan Sanderson allocated two categories in the region: one in Southern China and the other in Malaysia. The latter is the more humanoid "Hominid" reported in the Johor region but also in all of the other territories. It also seems identical to both the Iceman, Vietnamese Wildman and Central Asiatic Almas by consensus of opinion of most Cryptozoologists. There is a problem that in any given region, all of these categories could very well be covered by the same name: Yeren in China, Yeti in Tibet and Orang Gugu (gigi) in Malaya. That is why Cryptozoologists have got to be more careful in the names they are choosing to throw around so casually.

 

Sharing with Igor Burtsev and Friends

I had sought permission by Igor Burtsev to reprint the material on Zana and he granted me permission some while back. Here is the source material in English from the Russian Hominology site
http://www.hominology.narod.ru/zanai.htm

Wild woman, supposed relict hominoid, captured somewhere in a forest and having given birth from a local man in Abkhazia in the eve of 19^th sentury

By Igor Burtsev, translated by Dmitri Bayanov

In Abkhazia, Western Caucasus, relict hominoids (snowmen) are called abnauyu. While collecting reports in 1962, a colleague of Prof. Boris Porshnev, zoologist Prof. Alexander Mashkovtsev, heard and studied the story of Zana. Subsequently, Porshnev took over where his late companion left off. The following information is borrowed from Porshnev's work The Struggle for Troglodytes*.

* Boris Porshnev. The Struggle for Troglodytes . Prostor magazine, July 1968 pp. 113-116 (in Russian).
.

Zana was a female abnauyu who had been caught and tamed and who lived and died within the memory of a number of people still alive at the time of the research. She was buried near the village of Tkhina in the Ochamchiri District of Abkhazia in the 1880s or 1890s.

The manner of her capture is vague. Pro­bably she had already changed hands by sale when she became the property of the ruling prince D.M.Achba who was the titular head of the Zaadan region. She passed into the possession of one of his vassals, named Chelokua and still later she was presented to a nobleman, Edgi Genaba, who visited the region. He took her away, still shackled and chained, to his estate in the village of Tkhina on the Mokva River, 78 kilometres from Sukhumi, the capital of Abkhazia.
At first Genaba lodged her in a very strong enclosure and nobody ventured in to give her food, for she acted like a wild beast. It was thrown to her. She dug herself a hole in the ground and slept in it and for the first three years she lived in this wild state, gradually becoming tamer. After three years she was moved to a wattle-fence enclosure under an awning near the house, tethered at first, but later she was let loose to wander about. However she never went far from the place where she received her food. She could not endure warm rooms and the year round, in any weather, slept outdoors in a hole that she made herself under the awning.
Villagers teased her with sticks thrust through the wattle-fence, and she would snatch them with fury, bare her teeth and howl.

Her skin was black, or dark grey, and her whole body covered with reddish-black hair. The hair on her head was tousled and thick, hanging mane-like down her back.

She could not speak, over decades that she lived with people, Zana did not learn a single Abkhaz word; she only made inarticulate sounds and mutterings, and cries when irritated. But she reacted to her name, carried out commands given by her master and was scared when he shouted at her. And this despite the fact that she was very tall, massive and broad, with huge breasts and buttocks, muscular arms and legs, and fingers that were longer and thicker than human fingers. She could splay her toes widely and move apart the big toe.

From remembered descriptions given to Mashkovtsev and Porshnev, her face was terrifying; broad, with high cheekbones, flat nose, turned out nostrils, muzzle-like jaws, wide mouth with large teeth, low forehead, and eyes of a reddish tinge. But the most frightening feature was her expression which was purely animal, not human. Sometimes, she would give a spontaneous laugh, bar­ing those big white teeth of hers. The latter were so strong that she easily cracked the hardest walnuts.

She lived for many years without showing any change: no grey hair, no falling teeth, keeping strong and fit as ever. Her athletic power was enormous. She would outrun a horse, and swim across the wild Mokva River even when it rose in violent high tide. Seemingly without effort she lifted with one hand an eighty-kilo sack of flour and carried it uphill from the water-mill to the village. She climbed trees to get fruit, and to gorge herself with grapes she would pull down a whole vine growing around the tree. She ate whatever was offered to her, including hominy and meat, with bare hands and enormous gluttony. She loved wine, and was allowed her fill, after which she would sleep for hours in a swoon-like state.

She liked to lie in a cool pool side by side with buffalos. At night she used to roam the surrounding hills. She wielded big sticks against dogs and on other perilous occasions. She had a curious obsession for playing with stones, knocking one against another and splitting them.

She took swims the year round, and preferred to walk naked even in winter, tearing dresses that she was given into shreds. However, she showed more tolerance toward a loin-cloth. Sometimes she went into the house, but the women were afraid of her and came near only when she was in a gentle mood; when angry she presented a scary sight and could even bite. But she obeyed her master, Edgi Genaba, and he knew how to bring her to heel. Adults used her as a bogy figure with children, although Zana never actually attacked children.

She was trained to perform simple domestic tasks, such as grinding grain for flour, bringing home firewood and water, or sacks to and from the water-mill, or pull her master's high boots off.

Khwit

Raya

But she became the mother of human children, and this is the wonderous side of her life story, very important for the science of genetics. Zana was pregnant several times by various men, and, giving birth without assistance, she always washed the newborn child in the cold water-spring. The half-breed infants, unable to survive these ablutions, died.

So, when subsequently Zana gave birth, the villagers began taking the newborn babies away from her in good time, and reared them themselves. Four times this happened, and the children, two sons and two daughters, grew up as humans, fully-fledged and normal men and women who could talk and possessed reason. It is true that they had some strange physical and mental features, but nonetheless they were fully capable of engaging in work and social life.

One of her sons Khwit died in 1954. There were rumours that his father was in fact Edgi Genaba himself, but in the census he was put down under a family-name of Sabekia. It is significant that Zana was buried in the family cemetery of the Genabas, and that the two youngest children of Zana were brought up by Genaba's wife.

Khwit was powerfully built, had dark skin, but he inherited scarcely anything from Zana's facial appearance. The complex of human features, inherited from hisd father, was dominant in them and overruled the mother's line of descent. Khwit, who died at the age of 65 or 70, was described by his fellow-villagers as little different from the human norm, except for certain small divergences. He was extremely strong, difficult to deal with and quick to pick a fight. In fact, he lost his right hand after one of the many fights he had with his fellow-villagers, but his left hand sufficed him to mow and do other work on a collective farm, and even climb trees. When old, he moved to the town of Tkvarcheli where he eventually died, but he was taken back for burial at Tkhina.

The next stage of the Zana case was taken up by attempts to find her grave and skeleton. Here is what Prof. Boris Porshnev says about his efforts in that direction:

In September 1964, the archaeologist V.S.Orelkin and I made our first attempt to find Zana's grave. After was the second and third expeditions, but the search party had still not found Zana's bones (the last one was in October 1965)*.

* Archaeologist Yury Voronov, who later became Vice Premier of Abkhazia and was killed in September 1995, participated in the search at the time {IB.)

Igor Bourtsev on the excavation

After the passing of Porshnev it fell to my lot to continue the search. I headed three expeditions to Abkhazia in search of Zana's skeleton, in 1971, 1975 and 1978, which merits a separate story. Our difficulty was that by that time the last scion of the Genaba clan had passed away and nobody knew exactly where Zana's grave was. We put in a tremendous amount of spade work on that hillside, digging sticky clayey earth under almost daily downpours. During the second expe­dition I was taken seriously ill with an illness which doctors failed to identify. We never found a skeleton that would fit Zana's features as described by witnesses.

It was then decided to exhume the skull of Khwit, Zana's younger son, whose grave was still well indicated. The famous paleontologist professor Nikolay Bourchak-Abramovich assisted me in that digging in 1971, and a young anthropologist-archeologist Leonid Yablonsky consulted the digging in 1975.

I brought the skull to Moscow where it was studied by two physical anthropologists, M.A.Kolodieva and M.M.Gerasimova. The re­sults of the study were reported by me at the Relict Hominoid Research Seminar and the Moscow Naturalists' Society and published in 1987.**

The skulls of Khwit and a woman

** I.D. Bourtsev, M.A. Kolodieva. Results of a Preliminary Investigation of a Skull from the Village of Tkhina, Abkhaz ASSR. In: Papers of the Moscow Naturalists' Society. Moscow, 1987 (in Russian).

Anthropologist M.A.Kolodieva compared the skull of Khwit with the male skulls from Abkhazia in the collection of the Moscow State University Institute of Anthropology and found that Khwit's skull was significantly different. Indicating it as the Tkhina skull, she writes:

The Tkhina skull exhibits an original combination of modern and ancient features ... The facial section of the skull is significantly larger in comparison with the mean Abkhaz type ... All the measurements and indices of the superciliary cranial contour are greater not only than those of the mean Abkhaz series, but also than those of the maximum size of some fossil skulls studied (or rather were compara­ble with the latter). The Tkhina skull approaches closest the Neolithic Vovnigi II skulls of the fossil series...

The skeleton in the neighborly grave

On her part, anthropologist M.M.Gerasimova came to the following conclusions:

The skull discloses a great deal of peculiarity, a certain disharmony, disequilibrium in its features, very large dimensions of the facial skeleton, increased development of the contour of the skull, the specificity of the non-metric features (the two foramina mentale in the lower jaw, the intrusive bones in the sagittal suture, and the Inca bone). The skull merits further extended study.

So the bottom line of the Zana case today is this: we have only descriptions of Zana's peculiar nature, but the hard and specific evidence of her son's skull goes a long way in making the testimony of witnesses more solid and trustworthy.

It is need to add, that neighborly to the Khwit’s grave there was an interesting finding of the remnants: the skeleton of a woman buried in unusual position: on the side and with legs bent. Her skull is more robust comparing the local women and very prognathic. I don’t exclude that this burial belongs to Zana herself. To define this conclusion it is necessary to fulfill the comparative DNA analysis of both the sculls.

^©Cryptosphere Fund

From Igor Bourtsev: "Me in Tajikistan, 1979. One of the footprints found, casted" This is incidentally a classic footprint of the Almas type and can be matched by photos of similar casts from the Caucasus, Pamirs, Tien Shans, Mongolia and Tibet

-I consider that the woman's remains found with Kvit are possibly a relative but probably not Zana's.
I did find that Kvit's skull shows features which in a fossil example would definitely classify it as a Neanderthal crossbreed. The Skull is very much like the well-preserved Classic Neanderthal from La Ferassie:

Zana's Daughter or Granddaughter Natalia and Khvit's son Shaliqua, killed in the 1950s. Khvit lived to be an old man in his seventies before he died and was buried: Igor has many photos of their relatives and descendants, who continue to flourish in the area up to the present day.

Igor's daughter drew a portrait of him interviewing one of the specific North American Bigfoots that had been reportedly "Acclimatized" to regular feedings. I had already said that her artwork depicting this individyual showed a Neanderthal-type cranium and so I superimposed one of the Spanish early-Neanderthal ("?H. heidelbergensis") skulls for comparison and showed it to him:

Incident on the Carter Farm illustrated by Lilia Bourtsev

This was the illustration I saw first and I remarked that the Bigfoot in question had a Neanderthal shaped skull. The woman in the picture is secretly snatching some hairs from the creature's arm: I had some of the hairs as samples myself through an intermediary, and Igor through another route: both of us sent our samples in to be analysed. The samples I sent in were unfortunately discarded at the other end but the ones Igor had analysed matched against Kvit's remains genetically. Which was a remarkable and highly significant finding.

I later sent in some reconstructions based on ones at the "Them and Us" site to show how the theory would account for hairy Neanderthals resembling the Bigfoots or what Igor preferred to call "Forest People" (Some of the critics complained about the reconstructions all having the same fixed snarling expression)

And in this last one I had the "Them or Us" models (With legs repositioned more naturally under the body) scaled to show a more typical Neanderthal (on the Left) or a really big Heidelberger (With the eyes emphasized as in many reports) as compared to an average adult man.


Best Wishes, Dale D.

Two possible late-surviving Neanderthals from China and Mongolia

Dr Jeffrey Meldrum recently published a paper advancing the idea that some of the presumed fossil types of humans other than modern man could have survived up until more modern times and could be connected to modern reports of Bigfoot and the like. His paper included two examples of what look to be Neanderthal types from Mongolia and China in the vicinity of 10000 to 20000 BC, at the end of the Ice Age and much later than the usually-accepted date for the last surviving Neanderthals (There are at least two such late-Neanderthal sites in Europe to my knowledge but Meldrum did not mention them) His description of the specimen illustrated below is as follows: 

A remarkably complete specimen of a pre-modern hominin, displaying archaic features of the skull and skeleton, was recovered from the site of Lishu, just outside Beijing, China, with a preliminary date of 12000 to 20000 years ago.(Lu, Personal communication) It is on display at the Peking University

I do also have a fairly good translation for the publication on the Mongolian example, potentially to be connected to the reports of the Almas in that region

Saturday, March 15, 2008

Uncovering remains of archaic sapiens in Mongolia

The famous paleoanthropologist Yves Coppens and colleagues discovered skeletal remains of Homo sapiens archaic in northern Mongolia. You appear to have similarities with Neanderthals , Chinese Homo erectus  and Archaic Homo sapiens.

These remains are unmatched in the region, having never had human fossil discovered in the area.

The remains were discovered in 2006 in northeastern Mongolia where a company was looking for gold in the cave of Salkhit. The workers found them 6 meters underground in a pit. Cranial remains are very fragmentary but well preserved: a full frontal bone and two parietal incomplete.

Could not be dated with certainty yet, but it was estimated at a Late Pleistocene date, that is between 12,6 thousand and 10 thousand years. The dating was based indirectly about rhinos associated with human remains.

Despite having many features Neanderthals , the remains were not associated with that species, but recently discovered Neanderthals in Siberia. But the authors do believe that there might be some relationship.

"The scientific community," say the authors in the study, "considers the Neanderthals as a European group rather than Asia, with relatively recent settlements in Asia. Although based on the dating of fossils, this assumption should be tempered and should take more account of the discoveries in Teshik Tash, Uzbekistan, and Okladnikov and Denisova, southeastern Siberia. "

And is that the show remains a mosaic of features. The features Neanderthals who are at residues "are located at the bottom of the frontal bone, in the nasal region and the orbital".

"Multidimensional Analysis clearly differentiate Salkhit skull fossils of [modern]Homo sapiens from the Far East, "the authors conclude. In contrast, comparisons show similarities with archaic groups composed of Neanderthals , Chinese Homo erectus  and archaic Homo sapiens  both the West and the Far East. Unfortunately, the incompleteness of the fossil does not allow a comparison more feaciente. For this reason, we attribute cautiously Salkhit the remains of an archaic Homo sapiens. "
　

　

References

Coppens Y, Tseveendorj D, Demeter F, Turbat T, Giscard P-H. 2008. Discovery of an archaic Homo sapiens skullcap in Northeast Mongolia. Compte Rendus Palévol (in press) doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2007.12.004

The term "Archaic Homo sapiens" can be used to include Neanderthals and the broader category of other fossils like them, including the "Rhodesian man" and "Heidelberg man." The authors of this study seem to consider Neanderthals entirely European and because of that they use the broader classification for these remains.

Kansas Bigfoot Photo, Additional

More on the Kansas Bigfoot photo comes from the Bigfoot Facebook page:
http://www.facebook.com/search/results.php?q=Bigfoot&init=quick&tas=0.48925950899666243#!/FindBigfoot

Kansas Auburn Bigfoot? What do you think? (11 photos)

This was posted on a photo Blog Way off the Trail. It looks very interesting. Solid color, Auburn, inline gate, along a river away from the camera.

 About here is where it gets more interesting:

Comment on Bigfoot Facebook Page: There are two auburn colored objects, one either on or behind a tree. That lends some credibility to the foto

Well this one actually makes logical sense. Sasquatch live in solitary monogamous family groups, the Strategic Male would be watching. This Kansas picture makes sense. Large Black male is watching the photographer. Auburn female is retreating and there is likely another smaller Auburn in the distant tree. Note the shadow of the head cast onto the chest at 2pm. Head shape and attachment looks correct.

I would add that along with this we have been told by witnesses independantly in Florida (Skunk Ape) and in Central Asia (Almasty) cases that the younger/smaller (and possibly including female) creatures are auburn or reddish brown while the adult males (and older females?) are darker brown or blackish, which is a good confirmation of the photo and to the identity of the creatures in it as far as I am concerned.            Best Wishes, Dale D.

A Neanderthal Skeleton in Chainmail, and Other Late Survivors

Different Views of the Neanderthal Knight from Poland

Neandertals from Portugal, Holland, Poland, etc.

Compiled by F. C.

Béla Lukács in The Lapedo Child, The Szeleta Men, And The Convergence To Leading Cultures [http://www.rmki.kfki.hu/~lukacs/lapedo.html]says:

"In 1908 Stolyhwo reported to Nature a Xth century Neanderthal from Southern ("Austrian") Poland, buried with iron armory, indicating Neanderthals in historical times":

News: Late Survival of Neanderthal Type

Nature(London) April 23, 1908, Vol. 77, p. 587

"In the February issue of the Bulletin International of the Academy of Sciences of Cracow, Mr. K. Stolyhwo describes a human skull dating from the historic period which presents strong indications of close affinity with the Spy-Neanderthal type, the so-called Homo primigenius, of the Paleolithic epoch. The skull, it appears, formed part of a skeleton from a tomb in which was also buried a suit of chain-armour, together with iron spear-heads, &c. In the great development of the supra-orbital ridges and of the notch at the root of the nasals, the skull, which was found at Nowosiolka, closely approximates to the Neanderthal type. It may be added that, in view of Prof. Solla's recent reference to the latter to the Australian stock, the occurrence in eastern Europe of a late survival of the same type is a matter of profound interest."

Lukács comments on it:

"In 1908 Neanderthals meant something less definite than now. If the bones were thick enough with curved longbones, with a strong mandible, heavy skull bones, receding frontal and strong torus, the individual went to primitive cavemen, more or less Neanderthals. Now, observe that Xth century AD was times of troubles everywhere in Europe, but definitely so on the Polish plains. (Polska comes from "pole" meaning "fields" or "plains", indeed with no natural borders on East and West.) If somebody was very strong, he was a great chief, warrior and leader. Such times preferred strong Neanderthaloids; they preferred true Neanderthals even more provided they still existed" "…Stolyhwo's Neanderthal knight either belonged a miraculously surviving small tribe or is a misclassification" "Was Stolyhwo's Neanderthal knight very strong, and who is he in Polish (or White Croatian) legends?"

And Lukács adds:

"South of the Ebro Mousterian [Neanderthals] survived for a long time… the Lapedo Child… seems half Neanderthal (he can be F1 hybrid… Is mule the analogy of the Lapedo Child, and maybe of the Shkul (or Skhul) individuals? Then Neanderthal/sapiens hybrids would be possible, but without any consequence. Przewalski and asinus are good species, they form disjoint populations, so horse genes cannot go over donkeys and vice versa. Mules are dead ends)" "…in the first days of 1999 Cidália Duarte excavated the Lapedo Child, alias Lagar Velho 1 [from Abrigo do Lagar Velho (it means roughly the Shelter of the Old Wine-press), in the Lapedo Valley, Portugal] " "…Or there are Neanderthal sites even later?" "Still, this [the Lapedo Neanderthal Child from Portugual] is the most convincingly documented "hybrid" skeleton, even including the Shkul (or Skhul) ones and Stolyhwo's Neanderthaloid knight" "The body was intentionally buried, red ochre was around and it seems that the boy was a member of a Gravettian tribe" [Refs.: Cidália Duarte & al.: The Early Upper Paleolithic human skeleton from the Abrigo de Lagar Velho (Portugal) and modern human emergence in Iberia. Proc. Natl. Acad. USA 96, 7604 (1999) http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/96/13/7604, E. Trinkaus, J. Zilhao & Cidália Duarte: The Lapedo Child: Lagar Velho 1 and our Perceptions of the Neanderthals. http://www.med.abaco-mac.it/issue001/articles/doc/013.htm; E. Trinkaus & J. Zilhao: Lagar Velho FAQ. http://www.ipa.min-cultura.pt/news/noticias/lapedo/lapedofaq; E. Trinkaus & J. Zilhao: A Correction to the Commentary of Tattersall and Schwartz Concerning The Interpretation of the Lagar Velho 1 Child. http://www.ipa.min-cultura.pt/news/noticias/lapedo/lapedo_corrections. Some "late surviving Neanderthals" are discussed here]… Until the Lapedo Child was discovered, everything was simpler."

"…Is an open question if Neanderthals died out completely… Surviving Neanderthal pockets cannot be easily disproven. The satyr, mentioned in Plutarch's Sulla[Plutarchos: Sulla. In: Plutarchi Vitae parallellae, Teubnes, Leipzig, 1892], may or may not have been a surviving Neanderthal [classical Greeks believed in satyrs in the woods. Satyrs are generally man-like with minor "animal" traits. Now, according to Plutarch, during a campaign of Sulla (a Roman general), about 86 BC, a satyr was captured in a nymphaeon near Apollonia, Illyricum, and carried to Sulla. Interpreters asked him to get omens an such, but his speech was unintelligible between the sounds of horse and goat, so the general sent him away. Note that Plutarch does not use the story for anything. The captive does not tell omens; simply produces unintelligible noises. Now one can contemplate if satyrs were surviving Neanderthals, and then he can look for Neanderthal traces in Greece(Harvati K, Panagopoulou E, Karkanas P. First Neanderthal remains from Greece: the evidence from Lakonis. J Hum Evol. 2003 Dec; 45(6):465-73 (they report the discovery of a Neanderthal tooth (LKH 1) found in association with the Initial Upper Paleolithic from Lakonis I, adding to the small number of taxonomically diagnostic human fossils from early Upper Paleolithic European contexts. This finding indicates that, at least in southern Greece, the makers of early Upper Paleolithic assemblages were Neanderthals). Skeletal remains of the Neanderthal anthropological type were found also at Kalamakia Cave, in Mani, http://pegasos.fhw.gr/chronos/01/en/pl/housing/mpl_intro.htmlHere is a related quotation from Josephus: "…these men did what resembled the acts of those whom the Grecians call giants" (Antiquities of the Jew. Book I, Ch. 3.1))]. Also look for Stolyhwo's medieval Neanderthal warrior in White Croatia; even in Nature (I mean the respectable journal). You may or may not take Alma, Yeti and other European Wildmen observations seriously; anyway they are not published in Nature…"

"H. G. Wells… had written in a widespread book that the Neanderthal was another species [distinct, different from the humans]… Wells himself writes that one scholar seemed to discover Neanderthal-like populations in Greece, another in Western Ireland [Wells H. G.: The Outline of History, Collier, New York. 1922. The book has a long printing history, appended, improved &c. in many times. The editio princeps seems to be at Somerset Publ. Inc., 1920]…conquered populations retreat to the ends of continents… the wildernesses of Thessaly or the westernmost of the Western Hibernia are hopeful locations… In the next two decades the great majority of scholars were at the opinion that Neanderthal was a separate species."

"In Palestine some skeletons were between the Neanderthal and modern characters, e.g.they were generally Neanderthal but with chin [G. H. R. von Koenigswald: Die Geschichte des Menschen. Springer, Berlin, 1960], especially the Shkul (or Skhul) skulls" "…it is hard to tell, exactly what are the Shkuls…[Fourteen skeletons were found in the Skhul cave, three complete, including the one in this photo. These skeletons had features that were intermediate between Neanderthal and Homo sapiens sapiens--Neanderthal brow, but well marked chin, slender long bones: See text and a picture: http://www.relst.uiuc.edu/Courses/106/New%20Pages/page2.html, http://www.relst.uiuc.edu/Courses/106/Media%201/mughar6a.jpg]" "For "classical" Neanderthals there is always an obtuse angle ("no chin"). However the situation is not so simple at Eastern Neanderthals, as e.g. the Palestinian fossils or Shanidar, and also at "latest Neanderthals"… Some Shkul mandibles show acute angles (but they may be hybrids), one Shanidar mandible shows practically right angle."

"…Szeleta represents all the surviving Neanderthals ["Neanderthal man continues to be associated with the Middle Palaeolithic (including the Micoquian at Warendorf and Sesselfelsgrotte) as well as with the Jankovichian (otherwise known as the "Trans-Danubian Szeletian")", declares Philip Allsworth-Jones in The Szeletian Revisited http://www.gib.gi/museum/p305.htm, http://www.oocities.com/astronomy_with_tru2003/szeleta2.gif

(leaf-shaped stone points thought to have been the work of Neanderthals (Artifact drawing: the Lillafüred Foundation, Miskolc-Lillafüred, Hungary)], not western Castelperron. And we know the end of Castelperronian (Chatelperronian), we know the fading of Uluzzian, but the fate of Szeletian is not clear. Ten thousands years after the assumed extinction Epiaurignacians produced Szeletian leaf-points [M. Shupp: The Passage of the Neanderthals. http://www.csun.edu/~ms44278/up_paleo.htm]. Shupp's opinion is that they copied them. Possibly; but we simply do not know, from what time Szeletian tools were made by non-Szeletian population. Not surprising; we do not know the Szeletians. Only their tools." "Szeleta is the name of a cave in Hungary, near to the big city Miskolc(that is the Magyar name, the Slovakian is Miskovec), just east of its westernmost extension Lillafüred, at cca. 300 m level, near to the Szinva Creek, in the Bükk Mountains [detailed map: File F.: Kadic Ottokár bükki barlangkutatásai. www.ngo.hu/~mibe/evkonyv/kadic.htm]. The first tools were found in the city, in 1892. Then archeologists looked for the source and in 1906 they found a deposit of tools in the Szeleta Cave." "… 3 Neanderthal cultures (Hungarian Mousterian Neanderthal): Tata,Érd-Nagytétény and Subalyuk (or generally the Bükk). .. Tatais west of Budapest, not too far, Érd and Nagytétény are neighbours of each other, Érd a city and Nagytétény a southwestern district of Budapest, and Bükk is a mountain (up to 950 m) in northeastern direction above the river Tisza (Tisia, Theiss,& c.)" " Szeleta layers continue Moustérian traditions (of, say, Subalyuk). So either the Neanderthals survived long in Hungary, or the first Hungarian Homo sapiens learnt the industry from Neanderthals [Slovakians have Szeletian sites too and I found more about Szeletian on Internet in Slovakian than in Magyar + English… Also, in the last years people begin to call every Upper Paleolithic (UP) on the East Szeletian]" "…it is sure that in the Remete Upper Cave [in the northwestern corner of Budapest], Neanderthal lived, because 3 characteristic incisors were found. Now, on a shelf of the cave wall were 2 big cave bear canines plus a big Miocene sea-shell from the Tétény Plateau (cca. 20 km). Collecting spectacular sea-shell is no less symbolic than mining colorant [there was an ochre mine at Lovas (at the north coast of Lake Balaton, see: V. Domosi & I. Vörös: Data to an Evaluation of the Finds Assemblage of the Palaeolithic Paint Mine at Lovas. Folia Archaeologica 30, 7, 1979)]" "…Lower Szeletian must be purely Neanderthal" "…Jerzmanowician, Jerzmanowice or Jerzmanovka is a cave near to Kraków (Krakov/Krakkó/Krakau/Cracovia), Poland. No Hungarian and Pole (and definitely: no Southern Pole) would be surprised that Hungarian and Polish Neanderthals marched together. And indeed, it seems that Jerzmanowician is somewhat the northern analogue of Szeletian [J. K. Kozlowski & S. K. Kozlowski: Le Paléolithique en Pologne. Préhistoire d'Europe, 1996]… Neanderthals show regional differences in industry in Europe… In Hispania, beyond the Ebro Frontier where Neanderthals had no competitors and so could continue their sleepy Middle Palaeolithic existence for a time. In Croatia… the youngest full-blooded Neanderthal (up to now) is dug out [F. H. Smith & al.: Direct radiocarbon dates for Vindija G_1 and Velika Pecina Late Pleistocene human remnants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 12281, 1999. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/96/22/12281]."

"American anthropologist Madison Grant, wrote [in Chap. 2 M. Grant: The Passing of the Great Race. Scribner's Sons, New York, 1916]: "Along with other ancient and primitive racial remnants, ferocious gorilla like living specimens of the Neanderthal man are found not infrequently on the west coast of Ireland, and are easily recognized by the great upper lip, bridgeless nose [Lukács declares: "Madison Grant's Western Irish Neanderthals can be ruled out. We have seen that one of his Neanderthal characteristics was bridgeless nose. Now, Neanderthals are characterized just by big and well developed nose. And (apart from Stolihwo's knight) where are fresh Neanderthal bones?"], beetling brow and low growing hair, and wild and savage aspect... The...large upper lip, the low forehead, and the superorbital ridges are clearly Neanderthal characters. The other traits...are common to many primitive races. This is the Irishman of caricature...".

"…whereshould he look for surviving Neanderthals? The first, and professional, answer is: nowhere. And this answer is safe too. But if somebody read so much and he wants to get a very tentative answer, I give it, without any guarantee…cryptozoologists suspect the Caucasus and Mongolia… one can think about the Alps or the Caucasus…

New ape-like animals alive are still to be discovered, i.e., in Congo (the "lion killer", the big chimpanzee "of the land"): http://www.economist.com/science/displayStory.cfm?story_id=1389904and in China, the numerous teeth remains of the paleoprimate "Gigantopithecus":http://www.uiowa.edu/%7Ebioanth/giganto.html, http://www.uiowa.edu/~nathist/Site/images/fullsizeandmunns72.jpg, http://www.uiowa.edu/~nathist/Site/giganto.html, http://www.uiowa.edu/%7Ebioanth/comp.jpg. Pictures from the first article: "A cave near the top of the rounded limestone tower at Liucheng, China has yielded three Gigantopithecusjawbones and nearly a thousand teeth" http://www.uiowa.edu/%7Ebioanth/mound.jpg. "The largest of the jaws, along with some of the teeth, are compared at with modern human remains." http://www.uiowa.edu/%7Ebioanth/jaw.jpg. Thus concludes Dr. Ciochon: "Gigantopithecus is gone. Or is it? Following the publicity about our research in Vietnam, I have received several letters from veterans who say that they came face to face with huge, hairy apes in the Southeast Asian jungle when they were posted in Vietnam. And of all the theories advanced to provide a zoological identity for Bigfoot, the Abominable Snowman, and other elusive creatures, perhaps the most popular is that they are none other than Gigantopithecus, still alive in relict populations (relict populations of Neanderthal man run a close second). While these contemporary reports are probably false, we can contemplate the time when our remote ancestors did encounter the giant of all apes in the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia" (The original webpage, as you can see is the University of Iowa). This is stated "This giant ape was contemporaneous with archaic humans throughout its range… The true affinities of Gigantopithecus are still unknown and they will remain a mystery until diagnostic cranial remains are eventually found. Southern China is dotted with karstic fissures, some of which have yielded complete fossil skeletons of extinct Pleistocene mammals. There is a chance therefore that someday more complete remains of "Giganto" will be forthcoming. To learn more about Gigantopithecus read "Other Origins" by R. Ciochon et al,Bantam Books, 1990." http://www.chineseprehistory.org/pics1.htm(end of that page).
In the article of Lukács and in several other sites on the Internet, there is this mention of Professor Stolyhwo (who commended his student H. Hoyer to present their findings in a conference inspired by Mr. Bydlowski's previous works related to the "Neanderthal knight from Poland"). It is interesting to see in Stolyhwo's original document the emphasis (as it is) as undisputed fact, the world-wide flood (the deluge, deluvian, diluvial waters pouring down from heavens and covering the whole earth), even in the works of Schwalbe himself (who also believed in Neanderthals as a different species when compared to humans, and who baptized the Neanderthals as Homo primigenius).
Doug Sharp in his book The Revolution Against Evolution [http://www.rae.org/revev3.html, http://www.rae.org/armor.html] made note of a Neanderthal specimen found buried in a tomb along with chain mail armor, Sharp first heard of it in a video by Dr. Michael Girouard Ape Men: Monkey Business Falsely Called Science produced in 1990 by the Institute for Creation Research. Ian Taylor also makes reference to it in his book In the Minds of Men, third edition. Ian Juby posted it in part on his website: http://www.ianjuby.org/neanderthaland Laurence Tisdall translated the original from French to English http://www.ianjuby.org/neanderthal/neanderthalpages.htm, here are some excerpts:

Cover of the original magazine: http://www.ianjuby.org/neanderthal/page2.gif

The Nowosiolka skull considered as a proof of the existence in recent history of forms belonging to H. primigenius

[11. Czaszka z Nowosiólki, jako dowód istnienia w epoce historycznej form pokrewnych z H. primigenius.- Le cráne de Nowosiólka considéré comme preuve de l'existence á l'époque historique de formes apparentées á H. primigenius].

Memoir of M. Kazimierz Stolyhwo presented by M. H. Hoyer on the 7th of January 1908 [Mémoire de M. KAZIMIERZ STOLYHWO présenté par M. H. Hoyer m. e. dans la séance du 7 Janvier 1908] (Bulletin International De L'Académie Des Sciences De Cracovie [Anzeiger Der Akademie Der Wissenschaften In Krakau], 1908, p. 103)

Anthropology Laboratory and Museum of Industry and Agriculture of Varsovie.

"During the last several years I published several works concerning the existence, in Poland, of a Spy-Neanderthaloid type." "According to Mr. Schwalbe, the Spy-Neanderthal race existed only in the ancient deluvian period, after which it went extinct, as well as the transitional forms between H. primigenius [Neanderthal] and H. sapiens did not go beyond the Paleolithic. To the contrary, I was of the opinion that the Spy-Neanderthaloid types, having a softer Neanderthal-type structure, existed not only in the ancient deluvian, but also in the later prehistoric periods and can be observed even in the historic period… beyond the ancient deluvian…" "Mr. Schwalbe found that this way of looking at things was wrong and submitted a critique to the German Anthropological Congress of 1905, also in a memoir that appeared in the Zeitschrift f. Morphologie u. Anthropologie J. 1906. I've also been honored to write several letters on the subject. To solve the problems in question, I have submitted the materials previously studied to a new examination" "… the "scythic" cranium of Nowosiolka; it's my opinion that it is the one amongst all the skulls to be found at the Anthropological laboratory of Varsovie that contains the characteristics the most representative of the Spy-Neanderthal race."
Original initial description (in French):
http://www.ianjuby.org/neanderthal/page4.gif
http://www.ianjuby.org/neanderthal/page5.gif
"We have found archaeological facts concerning the skull in question in a memoir of Mr. Bydlowski "the Kourghans of Nowosiolka of the district of Lipowiec, Government of Kiev" (Swiatowit t. V. 1904); the kourghan from where the skull came is designated as number V. The skull of Nowosiolka must have belonged to a man that was thirty years old; concerning the period from which he came, we can determine this from the objects that were found with him in the tomb. Beside the skeleton, which was lying on his back, the head towards the west, was found a suit of armour complete with iron plates held together by rivets. On the other side were found two long spear points of which one had a flat side, the other was forged in a quadrangular bar. At the feet of the skeleton was a yellow clay goblet with a handle of ornate work, bordered on the inside with a black band; two parallel bands went around the inside of the goblet at the top. Beside the goblet was found a beautiful red clay amphora (antique vase) of conical shape, the bottom shaped obliquely. At the feet and the head of the dead were found two horse skeletons with the harness bridles and four bits the same as those that are used today. Concerning the harness we found only bits of leather and green and oxidized metal ornaments."
"The present memoire is solely dedicated to the study of the position that the Nowosiolka skull when compared to the H. primigenius group, which includes the skulls of Neanderthal, of Spy and of Krapina, and also taking into consideration other diluvianskulls. I will not concern myself with the question of the relationship between H. primigenius and H. sapiens, nor of the problem of where the limit is to be marked between these two groups."
"Not forgetting that the Nowosiolka skull does not belong to the ancient diluvian, nor the Paleolithic, but to recent history."
Here, to make it easier I have regrouped significant paragraphs together:
"…out of 47characteristics studied, the Nowosiolka skull possesses 23 which are identical to that of H. primigenius [Neanderthal, Neandertal], 11that are close to that of H. primigenius and only 13 that differ from H. primigenius. These results prove that the Nowosiolka skull possesses in some aspects a structure as primitive as the H. primigenius type and permits us to establish a morphological link between this skull and those of Spy-Neanderthal-Krapina."
34 Neanderthal characteristics of the Nowosiolka knight:
The full pages that contain the figures are:
http://www.ianjuby.org/neanderthal/page26.jpg(front seen by the bottom)
http://www.ianjuby.org/neanderthal/page25.jpg(frontal and lateral)
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/daruc/images/cran.gif(frontal, another view)
http://www.ianjuby.org/neanderthal/page23.gif(lateral upper diagram)
http://www.ianjuby.org/neanderthal/page24.jpg(upper back)
1) "… the thickness of the eyebrowsof the Nowosiolka skull is very close to that of the Krapina skulls. It is true that the lateral part of the eyebrows are a little less thick than their equivalents in the Krapina skulls (with the exception of one of the fragments) but, in return, the median parts are thicker. In short, the eyebrows of the Nowosiolka skull, thanks to their non-interrupted continuity to the frontal-cheek suture, also in considering their thickness can be designated as tori supraorbitales and not as arcus supraciliaris, as is also recognized by M. Schwalbe based upon a photograph that I had the honour of sending him. Concerning the eyebrows, the Nowosiolka skull is quite different from the H. sapiens type and can be joined to the Spy-Neanderthal-Krapina group"
2) "…On the Nowosiolka skull the structure [the level of the zygomatic eyebrow] is exactly the same as that described on the Krapina C skull. Therefore, in terms of the zygomatic eyebrow on the Nowosiolka skull it is not different that that found in H. primigenius."
"3) The index of the convexity of the cerebral part…, 4)the index of the position of the bregma…, 5) the Convex index of the frontal arch A: [diameter: nasal-bregma x 100 / curve: nasal-bregma] the diameter of the nasal-bregma…, 6) the nasal-bregma curve…, 7) the index A of the convexity of the frontal arch…, 8) the fronto-parietal index [minima width of front x 100 / maxima width of front]…, 9) theindex of the convexity of the parietals [diameter of the sagittal suture x 100 / curve of the sagittal suture]…, 10) the index of the parietals [sagittal curve of the parietals x 100 / sagittal curve of the front]…, 11) the height of the inferior jaw index [height of the jaw at the 2-me molar x 100 / height of the jaw at the symphysis]…, 12) the height of the jaw at the symphysis (…numerous diluvian skulls also have some height at the symphysis that goes beyond the upper molar. M. Gorjanowie-Kramberger considers that when a similar structure is seen in recentH. sapiens, it is an atavic variation. This exists also on the Nowosiolka skull)…, 13) the index of the height of the inferior jaw…,14) the thickness of the main part of the symphysis of the lower jaw of the Nowosiolka skull is within the range of H. primigenius."
15) "…with the Nowosiolka skull, the configuration of the zygomatico-maxilla suture is similar to that of the Krapina skull; the canine dimples are also missing. Therefore, it can be said that the configuration of the zygomatico-maxilla of the Nowosiolka skull does not differ from the same structure of H. primigenius."
"…16) the interorbital diameter…, 17) the biorbital diameter…, 18) the interorbital index…, 19) the external biorbital diameter…, 20) the frontal minima width…, 21) the frontal biorbital index of the Nowosiolka skull does not go beyond the dimensions of H. primigenius."
22) "Index B of the convexity of the frontal arch: [diameter: glabella-bregma x 100 / curve: glabella-bregma] (…is more important than the Index A, mentioned above, by which the size depends, to a certain degree, to the position more or less depressed of the nasal cavity)… of the Nowosiolka skull does not go beyond the range of H. primigenius."
23) "It is also to be noticed that the Nowosiolka skull contains a persistent frontal suture for most of it's length, and that the light bulges that accompany each side contribute to produce the effect of convexity fo the frontal arch when seen on the photograph of the skull in question in it's norma lateralis."
"24) The bregmatic angle…, 25) the angle: lambda - glabella - inion (l. g. i.)…,26) the diameter of the frontal glabello - cerebral index [diameter: frontal glabello x 100 / diameter frontal cerebral]…, 27) the index of the position of the bregma [diameter g. w. x 100 / diameter glabella-inion]the glabella-inion diameter…, 28) the cephalic index[maxima width of the skull x 100 / maxima length of the skull]…, 29) the maxima width (euryon - euryon)…, 30) the cephalic index…, 31)the index of the height of the cranial arch in relationship with the glabella-lambda diameter [diameter k. p. (height of the cranial arch) x 100 / glabella-lambda diameter]…, 32) the occipital convexity index[diameter: lambda-opisthion x 100 / curve: lambda-inion-opisthion]…, 33)the akanthion-prosthion diameter of the Nowosiolka skull are close to that of H. primigenius."
34) "Teeth size… the Nowosiolka skull has some teeth of considerable size of which some correspond to the Krapina skull. We notice that in the case of the Nowosiolka skull a reduction in teeth size and a reduction in the whole dental system since the wisdom teeth have not yet appeared. Concerning the teeth size, the Nowosiolka skull approaches that of H. primigenius."
13 Non Neanderthal characteristics of the Nowosiolka knight:
After mentioning its 34 Neanderthal characteristics. Let's see the 13 differences next.
1) "The anterior mandible angle is not within the range of H. primigenius."
"2) The angle of frontal convexity (angle A) (n. r. b)…, 3) the angle B (g. e. b.) more important than the last one by which the opening is dependant to a certain degree of the position more of less depressed of the nasal opening…, 4) the diameter of the frontal cerebral…, 5)the angle of the protrusion of the part of the frontal cerebral (a. t. h.)… (the small size of this angle of the Nowosiolka skull must certainly have as a cause the median convexity of the frontal produced by the persistence of the frontal suture)…, 6) the index of the convexity (curve)of the cerebral part of the frontal [diameter of the cerebral part x 100 /curve of the cerebral part]…, 7) the height of the cranial arch in relationship to the glabella-inion diameter (Kalottenhöbe)…, 8)the height of the cranial arch in relationship with the glabella-lambda diameter (Lambda-Kalottenhöbe)…, 9) the lambda angle(l. g. i.)…, 10) the angle of the opisthion (o. i. g.) of the Nowosiolka skull differs from those of H. primigenius."
11) "The index of the height of the cranial arch in relationship to the glabella-inion (Kalottenhöbe index) [diameter c. h. (cranial arch height) x 100 / diameter: glabella-inion] of the Nowosiolka skull is outside the range of H. primigenius."
Transitional:
12) "The frontal angle of the Nowosiolka skull differs from that of H. primigenius. However, it is to be noted that closeness of this measurement with the Brüx skull which is considered by M. Schwalbe, in terms of the frontal angle measurements as being transitional between H. primigenius and H. sapiens [M. Schwalbe admits the existence of transitional forms between H. primigeniusand H. sapiens but according to him, these forms do not possess the characteristic traits of H. primigenius and they probably belong to the middle diluvian because they rarely go beyond the Paleolithic]"
13) "The glabello-cerebral index of the Nowosoilka skull is beyond the range of H. primigenius. M. Schwalbe came to the conclusion that this index is very important and that it permits us to mark a limit between the H. primigenius and H. sapiens groups which are to date not linked by the existence of any intermediate form. However… the skulls of Brünn, of Egisheim and even that of Pithecanthropusconsist of similar transitional forms… the existence of intermediate forms and the reality that Pithecanthropus is of such form concerning the glabello-cerebral index, considerably diminishes the value that M. Schwalbe attributes to the index in question."
One Table with basic comparisons:
http://www.ianjuby.org/neanderthal/page21.gif
Concluding:
"The analysis of the Nowosiolka skull has shown that it contains numerous characteristics which are only associated with H. primigenius. Several very important, such as the tori supraorbitalis, the low level of the zygomatic eyebrow, the considerable thickness of the mandible. Also, the Nowosiolka skull according to the bregmatic angle considerably approaches that of the Brüx skull, which according to M. Schwalbe, constitutes a transitional form [my comment: can we consider the "transitional forms" as sterile hybrids?] between H. primigenius and H. sapiens."
"In conclusion, the facts cited earlier demonstrate:
1. That morphological forms belonging to H. primigenius existed not only in the Paleolithic, but also in later eras as well as recent history,
2. That transitional forms between H. primigenius and H. sapiens contain distinctive traits that differ from H. primigenius. It is possible that the opinion of M. Schwalbe, that H. primigenius existed only during the ancient diluvian is true only for regions in southern Europe where the Spy-Neanderthal-Krapina type did not live beyond the Paleolithic; but this can not be applied to all of Europe. We must assume that this race was progressively pushed towards the north, where by this fact, it could survive much more longer than in the south of Europe."

END OF ARTICLE

This article also has been referenced as: Stolyhwo K. (1908): Le crâne de Nowosiolka considéré com preuve de l'existence à l'époque historique de formes apparentées à H. primigenius.Bulletin International de l'Académie des Sciences de Cracovie, (1908)103-26.

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Russians were among the first ones to try to understand Neandertal-like skulls and bones in historical times. See for example:
http://lib.ru/HISTORY/PORSHNEW/paleopsy.txt#nazad29(In Russian. First attempt to translate: http://babelfish.altavista.com):
More or less, there is that, from the book "Boris Fedorovich Porshnev. On the beginning of human history (problems in paleo-psychology) Moscow 1974. Ed thought (Мысльin Russian), 487 p.
"In 1873 the French anthropologists Katrfazha and Ami (Катрфажа и Ами) on analyzing remains from Edisgeyma (Эдисгейма), from Gurdana (Гурдана) and others, just as a jaw from the Arsi-shr- hens (Арси-сюр-Кур , and later from the la of nolett Ла Нолетт) pulled the line of Neandertals from the younger time, to our days, to include with them bone remainders with even weaker expressed neandertaloid special features, saying that Neanderthals are rarely found here and there or detected underground, not only in ancient time, but also up to our days. In a number of their examples they clearly were mistaken. However, who knows, perhaps anthropology in the course of time will again thoroughly reexamine their series and will reveal in them, not only their few errors. According to their idea, the Neanderthal features can be strongly smoothed, effaced, but still be located on that side of the boundary, which separates contemporary physical type people from that substantially different group. Besides Katrfazha and Ami, there were numerous others that proposed to the attention of the world of anthropological science, international congresses included, the skulls of late or even completely contemporary origin, which had some neandertaloid (and pithekoid) features. Among them, at least one must recognize Polish anthropologist K. Stolyhwo. In 1902 and 1904 he published reports about the finding in the scythian barrow near the village of Nowosiolka(Novoselka, Novoselok) of the Kiev, province of the skeleton, which belongs, on a number of features, as indicative of the Neanderthal type. The renowned German anthropologist Mr. Schwalbe appeared with the criticism in 1906, proving, that the skull from Nowosiolka was not identical to the skulls of West European classical Neanderthals, which died out in the prehistoric time. Then Stolyhwo in two articles of 1908 gathered data form many other anthropologists, which proved, that in the historical time on the Earth remained the form, which it is possible to name "Postneandertaloide" which in a morphological sense differed both from the geological European classic Neanderthal, and from Homo sapiens. Mr. Schwalbe did not continue the straight controversy. In the same 1908 published his main work, where by Neanderthal men he acknowledged only the classical prehistorical Neanderthal.However, Stolyhwo(Столыгво , Stolygvo), during the subsequent years again returned to his concept, developing and deepening it. This is how he formulated his conclusion of his article published in 1937: "besides preneandertaloid and classical representatives of the Neanderthal race, there are remaining descending neandertaloid forms, known up to now, relate to the periods by later than Mousterian (мустьерский,must'erskiy), to upper Pleistocene, and also to the later prehistory, proto-history, and even in contemporary times. To the facts assembled by Stolyhwo, at present it is possible to add indications of many other bone remains of neandertaloid type obtained in the layers of Upper Pleistocene and Holocene (contemporary geological epoch), including the historical time. However, there are also neandertaloid findings of bones of very young geological age on the spaces from Tibet to West Europe, in particular in Africa [beginning from the neandertaloid skulls from Florisbada (Флорисбада)and Kep-Fletsa (Кэп-Флетса)]."
Boris Fedorovich Porshnev (1905-1972) had a most striking and unorthodox thesis, which is that what at present are termed H. neanderthalensis, or even H. sapiens neanderthalensis, were actually animals, not men… that they were the highest animals possible... today's relic hominoids [alive] are yesterday's Neanderthals... in the past all or some Neanderthalers made stone tools and used fire, while today none, or few, of their relic descendants do so... Neanderthalers have morphological features indicative of a so-called retrogressive evolution... Porshnev pointed out (Current Anthropology15:450), that at least some of the Neanderthaloid skeletons found in more recent strata and looked upon as "pseudo-Neanderthal" may be real Neanderthalers, among them the Neanderthaloid Podkumok (Caucasus)skullcap, which is of as recent origin as the Bronze Age, and the remains dealt with by Stolyhwo (1937)... Europe has been a habitat of hominoids in historic times and... these hominoids have been none other than relics of the Neanderthalers!"
Stolyhwo's Reference Quoted by B. F. Porshnev is:
K. Stolyhwo: Les prénéanderthaloïdes et les postnéanderthaloïdes et leur rapports avec la race de Néanderthal. Bull. Ethnol. du Musée d'Ethnographie de Ljubljana. 10, 147-158 (1937) [the title also quoted as: "Les praenéandertahloides et les postnéanderthaloides et leur rapport avec la race du Néanderthal". And as "Les praeneanderthaloides et les postneanderthaloides et leur rapport avec la race du Neanderthal" (Porshnev refers to Stolyhwo's conclusion on page 158).]
We can see that this is a different reference that the one that we are featuring here from 1908, this being done in 1937, 29 years later.
In other Website Stolyhwo's "Neandertal Knight" is reported as:
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/daruc/paleorec.htm (http://perso.wanadoo.fr/daruc/ypaleore.htm)

"Dès 1908, l'anthropologue polonais Kasimierz Stolyhwo a annoncé la découverte d'un certains nombre d'ossements "néandertaliens" datant de l'extrême fin de la préhistoire, voire du moyen âge (à Poszuswie, en Pologne, qu'il osait attribuer au dixième siècle de notre ère, et Novossiolka, près de Kiev, où le squelette reposait avec des débris d'armure en fer). Personne ne semble pressé d'en reprendre l'étude. Et d'autres ont été trouvé depuis entre autres à Klapeida en Lituanie, en Carélie, près de Moscou, à Podkoumok (dans le Caucase) en 1918. Ces derniers, réduits à une calotte crânienne, ont d'ailleurs bel et bien été considérés, sans réserve, par les meilleurs spécialistes de l'époque, comme néandertaliens. Car on les croyait datés d'une période convenable pour les néanderthaliens, à la suite d'une erreur d'un géologue. Et puis un jour, en 1937, on s'est aperçu qu'ils dataient en fait de l'âge du bronze. Plus de détail chez Boris Porchnev et Bernard Heuvelmans, "L'Homme de Néanderthal est toujours vivant", Plon, 1974." Jean Roche (Des fossiles qui n'ont rien compris).

Approximated translation using http://babelfish.altavista.com:

"Since 1908, Polish anthropologist Kasimierz Stolyhwo claimed the discovery of surprisingly recent neanderthal-type bones in [TWO] studies (Poszuswie [?], Poland, 10th century of our era, and Novosiolka [Novossiolka], near Kiev, where the skeleton has been found with an iron armor). Nobody seemed in a hurry to pursue simiar studies, however such "anomalies" have been found since then at Klapeida in Lithuania, in Carelia (Karelia), near Moskow, at Podkumok (Podkoumok, in the Caucasus) in 1918 (being this finding limited to the top of the skull and has been indeed considered, without reserve by the best of the specialists of the time as being similar to Nenderthal) etc. Because they were believed to be wrongfully dated. But again, in 1937, Stolyhwo confirmed them to be dated in fact from the bronze age. More details in: Boris Porshnev and Bernard Heuvelmans, "L'Homme de Neanderthal est toujours vivant", Plon, Paris, 1974." Jean Roche (On the fossils that nobody understood).

In the same website we can see interesting old findings in North-America:

Discovery of an early type of man in Nebraska

Barbour, E.H., and Ward, H.B.; Science, 24:628, 1906

In a circular moundrecently opened on a Loess hill north of Florence, near Omaha, Nebraska, various skeletal parts, and eight human skulls of a primitive type were exposed. The credit of the discovery belongs to Mr. Robert F. Gilder, of Omaha, who described and figured the skulls in the World Herald, October 21.
The skulls of the lower layer are low-browed and inferior, the superciliary ridges being thick and protruding, the distance through the temples narrow, and the frontal eminences being as feebly developed as in Neanderthal man. The skulls are brachycephalic, and extremely narrow in transverse diameter through the temples, expanding rapidly at the parietals.
In shape and size the mandible agrees well with that of modern man, although the following marked differences are to be noted ; the bone, particularly in the region of the symphysis,is far heavier, the muscular scars more prominent, and the third molar in each case is ground to the very gum, while the second and third are ground in a diminishing ratio. The canines are weak and scarcely distinguishable from the incisors, and the space between the molars and the base of the coronoid is wide.
The femora, which is massive, manifests an interior curvature more prononced than ordinary, and in cross section they appear triangular through the great development of the linea aspera, all muscular scars and tuberosities are noticeably prominent.
This finding is not the faked one based on a teeth of an extinct peccary, the so-called "Nebraska-man":
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/wolfmellett.html
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Ancient skull discovered near Santa Barbara

Anonymous,Nature, 112:699, 1923

According to a telegram from New York which appeared in the Times of October 31, an expedition of the Smithsonian Institution, of which Dr. J. P. Harrington is the head, has discovered, at Santa Barbara, in California, two human skulls for which a very high antiquity is claimed. They are said to belong to an era far earlier than that of Neanderthal man. The evidence upon which this claim is based would appear to be a low forehead and very pronounced eyebrow ridges. The mouth cavity is extremely large and the walls of the skull very thick. They are said to be twice the thickness of ancient Indian's skulls. Until more detailed evidence is available, judgment must be suspended as to the likelihood of this claim to a high antiquity being substantiated ; but it may be pointed out that skulls exhibiting Neandertaloid characteristics, especially in the pronounced eyebrow ridge, have been found in more than one occasion in the United States. Although a great age has been attributed to them, upon further examination they have been pronounced to be merely a relatively modern variety of the Indian type. It is significant that the new Santa Barbara skulls were associated with a material culture, implements, fish-hooks, etc. which is said to show a great advance upon any culture that can be associated with Neanderthal man.
Comment of the Author of that Website: once again the writer never imagines that the owner of bones could be different from the owner of tools.
Other site says, related to those bones that:
Two Neanderthal-like skulls were found in Santa Barbara, California in 1923. Researchers recognized that they were just Indian skulls.
http://www.evolution-facts.org/2evlch18a.htm
Other sites related to Santa Barbara’s ancient men:
http://www.sbnature.org/research/anthro/chumash/intro.htm
http://www.peak.org/csfa/mt14-3.html
And, near the location of the last links, recently appeared that "Mammoth remains unearthed at California construction site":
http://www.cnn.com/2005/TECH/science/04/08/calfornia.mammoth.ap
Maybe human bones are also to be found in those areas... But, how are going to be 'officially' re-interpreted many upcoming ancient human remains in America?
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Fragment showing ‘Ancient skulls discovered in Minnesota and in Brazil’.

By Ross Hamilton and Patricia Mason (2001), quoting Prof. Vine Deloria.

"Concealing evidence that conflicts with accepted theory is common scientific skullduggery. For years the Smithsonian Institution has been accused of hiding in storage vaults things it doesn't like. In 1968 two Neanderthal-like skulls with low foreheads and large brows were found in Minnesota. As for dating, University of Minnesota scientists said they were reluctant to destroy any of the material, although carbon-14 testing only requires the burning of one gram of bone. They were sent to the Smithsonian. Later Dr. Lawrence Angel, curator of physical anthropology at the institution, said he had no record of the skulls there, although he was sure they were not lost. We have a right to wonder whether some professional scientists mightn't find a really early date for the bones distressing. Why distressing? Because no true Neanderthal remains have ever been recognized by any Federal authorities as originating on the North American continent, what to say of the Americas in general. Is there yet today a conflict between established theory and what has been physically discovered?"
http://www.xpeditionsmagazine.com/magazine/articles/giants/holocaust.html
This ones, if real, seem to be different from the next one [taken from: Ivan T. Sanderson. The Search for Bigfoot: Monster, Man, or Myth? by Peter Byrne (New York: Pocket Books, 1976)]:
http://www.rfthomas.clara.net/papers/sand.html
See also the biographies of Mark A. Hall and Bernanrd Heuvelmans:
http://www.oocities.com/saqatchr/page14.html
And the criticists:
http://www.unmuseum.org/iceman.htm
And the replies against such criticisms ("The Minnesota Iceman", by Dr. Wolf Henner Fahrenbach, Ph.D., who also translated it from German to English, Beaverton Oregon - January 2004):
http://www.forteanzoology.com/faq/detail.asp?iFaq=545&iType=87
And "Crypto - Electronic Text Version. Hominology Special Number 1. April 7, 2001", for the 13th Annual Bigfoot Conference [there it mentions the same Dr. Fahrenbach as member of a panel and a reference to other of his statistical works] (130 pages, 2.1 M in PDF):
http://www.herper.com/crypto/Cryptohominids.pdf
Other site says, related to Neanderthal-like bones in America:
Toca da Esperanca, Brazil excavation suggests pre-Neanderthal man existed in the Americas... Others suggest man predates these findings... Most do not embrace these findings.
http://www.science-frontiers.com/sf054/sf054a01.htm
http://www.telusplanet.net/public/dgarneau/indian2.htm
To see pictures from other skull (calotte) from "Lagoa Santa", Minas Gerais, Brazil (Figure 4: Supraorbital ridge is estimated to be 20, 19 and 16 MM thick. Figure 5: Note thick eyeridges, smooth skull cap. P. 128, in PDF):
http://www.herper.com/crypto/Homin2.pdf[221 pp. 6.4M]
Notes taken from what Ray Crowe wrote there in 2002:
Early Man in Oregon, the finding of two separate beetle-brows from the ancient Warner Valley with lithic artifacts (an original picture included).
Dr. Alan L. Bryan, from the University of Alberta who documented several findings in America, stated that those "beetle-browed" skulls were Neanderthal-like or like those of the Rhodesian Man, or even more closely related to a North Chinese skull: Jinniushan [Bryan AL. A fossilized calotte with prominent brow ridges from lagoa Santa, Brazil. Curr. Anthropol. Jun 1984. Bryan AL. The First Americans. National Geographic. Sept. 1979.]
Also George F. Carter in "Earlier Than You Think. A Personal View of Man in America" (1980), describes other New World skulls: "The descriptions of the skulls that appear to be from early situations and startlingly similar, they are all described as beetling-browed long headed, slab-sided, pentagonal or roof-shaped skulls. The University of Nebraska excavated a skull fragment in Cedar County, Nebraska, that was unusual enough that they took special care with it and asked Hrdlicka to look it over, since it was a 'low type' skull, meaning a relatively primitive skull. In Hrdlicka's word, it is 'intermediate between that of a modern male and the neandertalers'
Crowe remarks "Hrdlicka, in the 1930's at the Smithsonian Institute, was a tough-minded disbeliever in the repeated and flimsy claims for early humans in the Americas."
To see the rest of the editions of Crypto (in PDF):
http://www.herper.com/crypto/
A recent paper concludes that the final version provided by Protsch, may also be a fraud:
Investigation of a fossilized calotte from Lagoa Santa, Brazil, by EDXRF. Anjos MJ et al. X-Ray Spectrometry. 21 Feb 2005. "The small differences in the relative amount of each element, especially the Ca/Sr ratio, in different parts of the calotte reinforce the hypothesis that the calotte had been mounted with pieces from different origins"
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/109930158/ABSTRACT
“Anthropologist Resigns In Dating Disaster”: http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=42940

http://www.arn.org/ubb/ultimatebb.php/ubb/get_topic/f/13/t/001970/p/1.html

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“Ancient Men in America?”

From: http://www.krishna.com/printarticles/Rocks.html
“In the New World, not only is there evidence indicating the presence of fully modern man at dates unacceptable by the standard archaeological views, but there is also evidence of primitive man of the homo erectus category. For example, Canadian anthropologist Alan Lyle Bryan, editor of the book Early Man in America, discovered in Lagoa Santa, Brazil, a skullcap with a low, receding forehead, thick walls, and exceptionally massive browridges. These features make it practically indistinguishable from skulls of the homo erectus type. Shown photographs of the Lagoa Santa skull, several American physical anthropologists found it impossible to believe it could have come from America. Nonetheless, Bryan supported his claim by citing other published works containing descriptions of similar fossil finds in the same area of Brazil. Challenging accepted opinion, he argued that anatomically primitive forms of man spread all over the world in very ancient times, evolving independently on different continents into anatomically modern man. The skull was placed in a Brazilian museum but later mysteriously disappeared." (14)”
Ref.
(14) Alan Lyle Bryan, "An Overview of Paleo-American Prehistory from a Circum-Pacific Spectrum," Early Man in America, Alan Lyle Bryan, ed. (Edmonton, Alberta: Archaeological Researches International, 1978), pp. 318--327.
Next, an excerpt from possible fossilized, petrified human bones:
http://www.enigmas.org/aef/lib/paleo/conmain.shtml
The evidence seems to suggest:
“The Carboniferous period is vastly more recent than conventionally dated [...which] indicates there hasn't been time for evolution.”
“It would appear that all of the dating schemes we are familiar with are simply FUBAR, standard army jargon meaning "Fouled Up Beyond Any Recognition". ”
To do a detailed scientific study of the findings of Ed Conrad and of Dr. Dale H. Peterson, etc., the most numerous samples as possible, must need to be analyzed.
Recently a most detailed and careful indexed study just started to be done on petrified wood:
Witke K, Gotze J, Rossler R, Dietrich D, Marx G. Raman and cathodoluminescence spectroscopic investigations on Permian fossil wood from Chemnitz--a contribution to the study of the permineralisation process. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2004 Oct;60(12):2903-12
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15350928
From the Abstract, the next are interesting observations showing that in:

"Silicified wood... a secondary mineralisation of hydrothermalorigin was recognized..."

"...after the primary silicification step a secondary mineralisation step initiated by hydrothermal processes, seems to have taken place at probably slightly higher temperatures."

Put the bold words near with your last ISCID posting .

In a picture of the location, you can see that the trees are standing-up, like in Yellowstone:

http://www.manchesteronline.co.uk/ewm/ic11/84.html

Then notice the use of the word "quartz":

"The resulting silica matrix consists of phanerocrystalline and microcrystalline alpha-quartz as well as microcrystalline moganite, both partially associated with iron oxides."

"Dadoxylon sp. is a prominent example for parallel permineralisation by alpha-quartz and fluorspar, which is outstanding for the Chemnitz Petrified Forest."

And in:

"The seed fern Medullosa... Raman spectroscopy revealed that these carbonaceous particles are of an anthracite structure. For experimental confirmation coal samples of different rank, especially anthracite from different geological times and localities, were studied by means of Raman spectroscopy. The remaining pith of the vascular bundles is white-coloured and consists of alpha-quartz and moganite, whereas surrounding tracheides exhibit white and reddish coloured parts. The reddish parts, mainly found in the rays, additionally contain alpha-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 among the SiO2 polymorphs of alpha-quartz and moganite."

In this last paragraph, notice twice the words "anthracite".
I can see that the pattern there, which holds similitude with Ed Conrad's findings is that that paper finally recognized, at last, that mineralisation of hydrothermal origin is possible, as well as that the quartz formation is possible inside organic tissues from anthracite deposits.
Those aspects were the main criticisms against Conrad's findings, and until now, science is coming forward, at least on analyzing petrified wood to recognize such reality.
Before and still, only 'traders' use to exploit financially (smile) the vast and many "Treasures of the Flood":
http://www.greatsouth.net/p-F1328.html
I wish to see, in the near future, the possibility to do the same, not as McRae did it, of only one external flank of only one petrified human(oid)? bone sample, but as I say, of as much samples as it can be possible.
'Kudos' for Ed Conrad on his going, from the very beginning of his findings, which he did not only one, but so many times, to the scientific community to ascertain his findings, until he got so tired of the dismissal of the official scientific establishment. That is a deep-black page for the history of the official USA science on the how is that they treated him (other country even has an exhibit of his findings in a Museum).
For example, you can see the Smithsonian documented letters that point against the Smithsonian as the main 'political' campaigner vs. the findings of Ed Conrad:
http://www.edconrad.com/oldascoal/page3.html
http://www.edconrad.com/ebay/brain/tales.htm
Next are, for a real scientific pursuit, some trends from the heart of America (by David Lines):
http://home.texoma.net/~linesden/cem/finger/finger.htm
A detail from the same page:
http://home.texoma.net/~linesden/cem/finger/surfc3a.jpg
The color picture used in the same page, depicting a fossil worm (evidence of fossil soft tissue):
http://www.bible.ca/tracks/fossil-worm.jpg
To compare it with fossilized fucoids:
http://www.oocities.com/shioshya/paleo/ppages/ppage5.htm
Dr. Dale H. Peterson, M.D., of Oklahoma City, who examined the sectioned specimen by means of x-ray, CT Scan and MRI. Dr. Peterson concluded in a letter to Dennis Petersen from CA, dated March 27, 2002: "It is my professional opinion that the fossil unearthed at Glen Rose, Texas, is, in fact, a petrified human finger":
http://www.bible.ca/tracks/fossil-finger-dr-dale-peterson.jpg
More, independent and related findings (by Ed Conrad):
http://www.edconrad.com/ebay/Au29/MVC-016S.JPG
Plus, just some more examples:
http://www.edconrad.com/oldascoal/bones.htm
A full set of links of petrified humans and petrified animals:
http://news-reader.org/article.php?group=dc.smithsonian&post_nr=3419
More on presumed petrified humans:
http://www.pathlights.com/ce_encyclopedia/13anc03.htm
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“Reck's Controversial Find”

From:http://www.krishna.com/printarticles/Rocks.html

“Regarding evidence for the extreme antiquity of modern man, it should be noted that the extent to which it challenges the standard views is matched by the degree of vehemence with which the evolutionary establishment tends to reject it. One example of such controversy is provided by a find made in 1913 by Dr. Hans Reck in East Africa's famous Olduvai Gorge.
Dr. Reck discovered a skeleton of fully modern man in strata that made it contemporary with Peking Man and Java Man, supposedly distant ancestors of homo sapiens. This find inspired much controversy, but when the famous Louis Leakey visited the site in 1931 with Reck, he concluded the skeleton was at least a half million years old. (15)
Opponents continued to argue that it was an intrusive burial, that it was a man of recent origin buried in the ancient strata of rock. But Reck insisted that he had taken adequate care to rule out this interpretation. The strata above the skeleton had been undisturbed, he claimed. Yet other investigators charged they had found material from higher strata in the rock matrix in which the skeleton was embedded. In the face of the conflicting testimony, Reck and Leakey withdrew their claims.
In 1973, Dr. Reiner Protsch of the department of biology and anthropology of the J. W. Goethe University in Frankfurt, West Germany, made a report on radiocarbon dating of Reck's skeleton. Since the skull was considered too valuable to destroy for radiocarbon dating, Protsch wanted to use other bones. Unfortunately all of the skeleton except the skull had mysteriously disappeared from the Munich museum in which it had been kept! Some fragmentary portions of ribs, long bones, and vertebrae were later produced and were thought to have come from the originally complete skeleton. As a precaution, both the skull and the fragments were tested for nitrogen content to see if they were actually from the same skeleton. The results of the test were similar enough to not rule out the possibility that this may have been the case. The subsequent radiocarbon dating gave an age of 17,000 years for these bones, which according to Protsch means that the skeleton was buried by digging down from a land surface in the middle of bed 5 at Olduvai Gorge. (16) This has been taken as final proof that Reck's skeleton is an intrusive burial and is much younger than originally thought." ”
References (notice that the article of Protsch is a faked fabrication, as has been recently discovered many of his mishandlings):
Refs.
(15) L.S.B. Leakey, Arthur T. Hopwood, Hans Reck, "Age of the Oldoway Bone Beds, Tanganyika Territory," Nature, Vol. 128, No. 3234 (October 24, 1931), 724.
(16) Reiner Protsch, "The Age and Stratigraphic Position of Olduvai Hominid I," Journal of Human Evolution, Vol. 3 (1974), pp: 379--385.
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Then, from the website of Doug Sharp:

Living Neanderthal Man

Nature(London) Dec. 8, 1910, Vol 85, p. 176.

"In the Phillippine Journal of Science for June (1910), Dr. R.B. Bean, of the Anatomical Laboratory, Manila, reports the discovery of a living specimen in the island of Luzon which he believes to bear close relationship to the Palaeolithic type represented by the Neanderthal skull. The massive lower jaw with its square ramus and receding chin, the low cephalic index (73-68), heavy brow ridges, rounded orbits, large nasal apetures and high nasal index (102-2), combined with small stature (156-8 cm.), muscular frame and short femur, all approximate to a form similar to that of the antediluvian man of Europe, Homo heidelbergenius. Dr. Bean in the same issue of the Journal continues his study of the racial anatomy of the people of Taytay, dealing here with the women, whom he finds to be more primitive than the men, and closely resembling the women of Siberia. The Blend type is largely primitive in character, and the Australoid variety comes between the Iberian and the primitive."
Comment of Doug Sharp: Creationists find the implications of this type of thinking extremely offensive. These researchers in effect treated these people as living "specimens" as if they were observing flora and fauna of a strange new world. This racist belief logically extended from their evolutionary viewpoint… the [biased] belief that women were inferior to men was quite blatantly expressed… [neither] Skin color, along with other racial characteristics, should never be a reason to separate us from the kinship of being part of mankind, God's creation.
Do we have some more information regarding Prof. Stolyhwo?
Let's see:
1a-)
Brief Notes on Recent Anthropological Explorations under the Auspices of the Smithsonian Institution and the U. S. National Museum. By Ales Hrdlicka. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 2, No. 1. (Jan. 15, 1916), pp. 32-37.
Search for Neolithic Human Remains in Southwestern Russia- It is well known (See bibliography in A. A. Ivanovskiji, Ob Antropológiceskom Sostavé Naselenii Rossii, Moskva, 1904) that Southwestern Russia and particularly the province of Ukrania, is rich in mounds or 'kurgans,' which yield human remains dating from the early historic back into the neolithic period. It is the region which in the past has yielded bones colored red (See Hrdlicka's The Painting of Human Bones, etc. Smithsonian Inst. Rep. For 1904.), and also some crania of most interesting form, partly transitional with those of geological antiquity. The exploration was entrusted to Prof. Kazimir Stolyhwo, Chief of the Anthropological Laboratory at Warsaw, and was restricted to the district of Kiev, in the vicinity of the villages of Szulaki, Puhaczowka, Chejtowa, Zywotowka, Tackowica, Zacisze, and Horodnica.
The total number of Kurgans explored was thirty-three, twenty-seven of which yielded human remains, which, however, in the majority of cases had been disturbed. The mounds averaged close to 90 feet in diameter, the range being from approximaltey 40 to nearly 300 feet; and nearly 5 feet in height, or from less than a foot to nearly 8 feet. Most if not all of the tumuli were originally higher, being reduced in the course of time by agriculture. The tops of several of the mounds were covered with stone, which must have been brought from a distance. The number of human burials encountered in these mounds was upwards of 70. They were located generally about or not far from the center of the mound and at varying depths, from a few inches to nearly 15 feet beneath the summit. Some of the burials were plainly intrusive. The old burials included individuals of both sexes and all ages. The bodies were as a rule in moderately contracted position. In the majority of cases the bones were colored more or less red, due to the inclusion in the graves of red ochre. The mode of buria differed. In one mound it was by incineration of several individuals; in others a fossa had been made in the surface of the ground, in which the body or bodies were placed, the grave being covered by a low shelter of wood, about and over which was piled the soil from the immediate neighborhood. In still other instances the body was simply buried in the earth. Most of the mounds contained also traces of ceremonial fire and of animal bones, some of accidental inclusion, but some probably from offerings. The archeological remains were scarce, though many may have been removed by treasure hunters previously. With two skeletons, in two separate but adjacent mounds, there was found iron; with three or possibly four, were traces (stains) of brass or copper; with one a small ornament of gold; with six there were old articles of bronze such as ear pendants and bracelets; with six there were objects of bone, such as heads, or artificially perforated teeth of carnivores; with two burials there were implements of stone, and fourteen of the mounds yielded primitive hand-made pottery. The older skeletal remains of man are of special interest. Although in poor condition, they show a uniform dolichocephalic type of people, of good stature; there is no evidence of any superposition of types or even mixture until we come to relatively recent burials. The animal bones recovered from the various mounds comprise those of three or four species now extinct in these regions, namely: Bison bonasus,Equus (prob. gmelini), Ochotona pusilla, and Marmota bobak; and those of some of the common living ungulates and carnivora, a few birds, with a variety of rodents. Detailed report on these finds is in preparation by Professor Stolyhwo.
1b-) [Same reference as 1a]
Explorations in the Birusa caves and rock shelters on the Yenisei River, Siberia: During my trip along the Yenisei River in 1912, my attention was forcibly attracted by a large number of caves showing from a distance in the cliffs of a wild region about the mouth of a small stream known as the Birusa, on the left bank of the river about 50 miles south of Krasnoyarsk. The whole locality is known as Birusa and, as I learned later, some of the caves and nearby tumuli have been previously explored in part by M. Jelenief of Krasnoyarsk, who discovered in them remains pointing in particular to the Neolithic period. As the whole region west of the Yenisei in this latitude is very rich in mounds and other remains of old populations, some of which are known to date back to the Neolithic period, it seemed most desirable to subject the Birusa caves, as far as possible, to scientific exploration, and the work was intrusted to professor Stolyhwo, who the year before explored the mounds in Ukrania. The work was carried out during the latter part of the summer of 1913, but was greatly interfered with by adverse weather and other unfavroable conditions. Nevertheless, excavations were completed in three of the caves, four rock shelters and one mound. The results were more encouraging than conclusive. With the exception of few teeth, no skeletal remains of man were discovered; but the caves and shelters yielded numerous traces and examples of bone and stone industry. A detailed account of this exploration also is being prepared for publication by Professor Stolyhwo. Careful and extended exploration of the region is most desirable. The many remaining caves about the Birusa and the thousands of mounds over the steppes to the westward, only a few of which have as yet been touched, invite urgently the hands of the archeologist.
2a-)
Some Recent Anthropological Explorations. By Ales Hrdlicka. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 1, No. 4. (Apr. 15, 1915), pp. 235-238.
Ancient Man in Europe and Asia. Field work was done by J. Matiegka, head of the Anthropological Bureau of the Bohemian University at Prague, on the subject of neolithic and later prehistoric man in central Europe. Other explorations were carried on by K. Stolyhwo, head of the Anthropological Institute of Warsaw in relation to: (a) ancient man of southwestern Russia; (b) ancient man of the Yenesei valley, Siberia. And a journey was made by me for the purpose of making a survey of the various well authenticated ancient skeletal remains of man in the Museums of Europe and of the sites of their discovery.
The direct results of these expeditions were the acquisiton of a series of valuable specimens, including a trephined and mineralized neolithic skull in excellent state of preservation, and of valuable data which in part have already been published (Hrdlička, A., The most ancient skeletal remains of man, Smithsonian Rept. for 1914, pp. 491-552, pls. i-xli.) and in part are in preparation for publication.
The kourgans or burial mounds in northeastern Russia were found to range in age from the neolithic to the Scythic periods. They yielded some exceedingly interesting skeletal material of man as well as that of various animals, some of which are now extinct in these regions. The Yenisei caves, regrettably, gave few skeletal remains, though such could doubtless be obtained by further exploration; but they yielded objects of neolithic culture, which may be of value in future archeological comparisons with the more eastern portions of Asia and possibly even with America. The examination of the ancient skeletal finds in Europe showed, besides a series of more or less doubtful specimens, a wealth of thoroughly authenticated material relating to man's descent…
2b-) [Same reference as 2a]
Search in Asia for Traces of the Race that Peopled America. Besides the explorations in the Yenisei caves, above mentioned, two trips were made to northeastern Asia. The first of these, made by me, extended to the upper Yenisei and Selenga river territories and to outer Mongolia, while the second, by St. (Stanislaw) Poniatowski, head of the recenty established Ethnological Institute at Warsaw, penetrated to the living tribes in the Primorskaia Oblast, Siberia. The results of these expeditions comprise anthropological data, a valuable series of photographs, and a collection of rare skeletal material. The evidence indicates that there still exist, throughout extensive areas of norhtern and eastern Asia remnants of former prehistoric (rather than 'paleoasiatic') peoples closely resembling the American Indian in type, mentality and other important particulars. In southern Siberia, Mongolia, and the regions to the eastward, there are also extensive archeological remains in the forms of mounds and occupation sites, ranging in chronology from neolithic to historic times. The exploration of these has yet scarcely been commenced, and may be expected, when properly entered upon, to reveal details of the greatest consequence to American anthropology, for here somewhere must lie the remains, cultural and skeletal, of the ancestors of those who peopled the American continent (For preliminary reports on this work, see Smithsonian Inst. Misc. Collect., 60, (1912); Compte-Rendu XIV Cong. Intern. d'Anthropologie et d'Archéologie Préhist., Genève, 1913; and Trans. XVIII Intern. Cong. Americanists, London, 1914).
2c-) [Miscellaneous, see link below]
Also see: National Anthropological Archives and Human Studies Film Archives: The Papers of Aleš Hrdlicka (1869-1943) include his correspondence with Kazimir Stolyhwo. Hrdlicka was born in Bohemia (Czech). At the requrest of Frederic W. Putnam, of the American Museum of Natural History, Hrdlicka examined controversial skeletal material from Trenton, New Jersey, and Lansing, Kansas. In 1906 traveled to Florida to examine allegedly ancient remains of man. In 1910, in Argentina he again examined allegedly ancient remains of man. In Peru, he made a large collection of skeletal material near Trujillo, at Pachamac, and in the Chicama Valley. He examined fossil remains of man in Europe and directed other anthropologists in South and East Africa ; St. Lawrence Island, Alaska; the Philippines; eastern Siberia; and the Ukraine. In 1918, he surveyed ancient sites in eastern Florida for the Bureau of American Ethnology. As director of the American School for Prehistoric Studies in France, he again studied fossil remains of man in Europe in 1922 and 1923. With much of the Army Medical Museum skeletal collection already transferred to the Smithsonian, Hrdlicka amassed a bone collection that included the Huntington collection, casts of fossil remains of man, and a large and diverse North American collection. He also gathered a large collection of human brains. In addition, he was involved in many other activities. For United States government agencies, he provided services ranging from forensic examinations… During World War II, he advised government officials on postwar policies toward certain national groups… He represented the Smithsonian at several international gatherings of scholars, including meetings of the International Congress of Americanists. Hrdlicka's papers…reflects his many professional interests and activities except the earliest, for which the documents burned):
http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/guide/jrg35c.htm
3-)
Elizabeth Thompson Science Fund. By Charles S. Minot. Science, New Series, Vol. 35, No. 903. (Apr. 19, 1912), pp. 612-613.
No. 172, $75 to K. Stolyhwo, rue Kaliksta, Varsovie, Poland, for the archeological exploration of the Cave of Lary, Poland. (Application 1,264).
Signature by Charles S. Minot, Secretary. Harvard Medical School, Boston.
4-)
Scientific Notes and News. Science, New Series, Vol. 59, No. 1519. (Feb. 8, 1924), pp. 140-143.
The following awards where made at the last meeting of the trustees of the Elizabeth Thompson Science Fund on November 27, 1923: … to professor H. (this seems to be a "typo" and should be a "K.") Stolyhwo, Anthropological Institute, Warsaw, $ 200 to aid in his studies of anthropologic types on Polish Territory… The Elizabeth Thompson Science Fund is administered by G. H. Parker, president; E. B. Wilson, secretary; Charles S. Rackemann, treasurer; and G. H. Baxter and W. B. Cannon, members of the board of trustees. The trustees meet three times a year toward the end of February, of May and of November. Applications should be in the hands of the secretary well in advance of the date of the meeting.
5-)
Grants from the Elizabeth Thompson Science Fund(in Scientific Events). Science, New Series, Vol. 63, No. 1634. (Apr. 23, 1926), pp. 419-420.
At the Meeting of May 28. 1925. No. 267 to K. Stolywho, Anthropologic Institute, Warsaw, Poland, $ 300 for anthropological investigations in Poland.
6-)
News and Notes. Science, New Series, Vol. 104, No. 2688. (Jul. 5, 1946), pp. 10-16.
In: Announcements:
The International Congress of the Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, which last met in Copenhagen in 1938, has been reconstituted by a well-attended meeting of the Permanent Council, at New College, Oxford, 13-15 April, and at the Royal Anthropological Institute, London, 16-18 April…attended by 34 delegates, it was voted to hold the next, or third, session of the Congress in Czechoslovakia during August 1947… Those present included: Stolyhwo (Poland).
At that time it was stated: Sciencestands ready to relinquish all priority to papers now waiting in our files for publication if the author can find a suitable medium for prompter publication.
7-)
Kazimierz Stolyhwo was the founder in 1905 of the "Anthropological Laboratory at the Museum of Industry and Farming", University of Warsaw. "The beginnings were very difficult. Prof. Stolyhwo did not receive any salary and his only collaborator was his wife - Maria… Prof. Stolyhwo assembled more than a dozen of collaborators, including Stanislaw Poniatowski and Rev. Boleslaw Rosinski…[when] Kazimierz Stolyhwo moved to Cracow in 1933, the [then called] Institute of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, strongly depending on his activity, ceased to exist… Rev. Professor Boleslaw Rosinski returned to Warsaw for good and started building up a new unit, initially only as a laboratory and a seminar… [but] in January 1954 Prof. B. Rosinski retired. Being a parish priest at St.Theresa's church on Tamka Street in Warsaw, he moved to the Catholic Theological Academy and occupied the Chair of Anthropology there… [today] members of "Puerta del Sol" [from Poland] take part in excavations carried out by the Andean Mission [from Poland] in Peru and Bolivia… the Mission issues its own annual bulletin and, in collaboration with the Polish Society for Latin American Studies, the journal "Estudios Latinoamericanos". In 1998 Wiercinski's book titled "Tlillan-Tlapallan. Estudios sobre la religion mesoamericana" was published by the above mentioned Society… [and there are] the Department's own series "Anthropology of religion" presenting the students' best works. The Department and the Andean Archaeological Mission actively joined the organization of the 50th International Congress of Americanists in 2000."
http://www.archeo.uw.edu.pl/antropologia/english/hist1.htm
"Kazimierz Stolyhwo, in 1905, organized an anthropological laboratory at the Museum of Industry and Agriculture, in Warsaw (Spencer, 1997; Malinowski and Wolanski, 1985). Stolyhwo was interested in anthropogenesis, transitional forms between Neanderthaland modern Homo sapiens… He also manufactured anthropometric equipment and was commissioned by the Smithsonian’s Ales Hrdlicka because of his interest in paleopathology (Spencer, 1997). Polish anthropologists were becoming well known internationally… In 1920, Stolyhwo and Jan Mydlarski surveyed over eighty thousand conscripts. They took anthropometrical measurements and Mydlarski deciphered the inheritance of the ABO blood group system, but… Mydlarski was beaten to publication by the more aggressive Bernstein (Bielicki et al., 1985)."
http://home.utm.utoronto.ca/~e0g7ntsc/Poland.doc
http://www.erin.utoronto.ca/~w3wri305/e0g7ntsc/www/Poland.doc
8-)
The Races of Europe, by Carleton Stevens Coon (1939). Chapter VI, section 5. The Scythians.
"A series of Bronze Age crania from the lower Volga region is identical, at least in indices, with the later Scythian group, and so is that from the Ukrainian Urnfields. Three skulls of so-called "Cimmerians" likewise show no important deviation."
Ref.: Stolyhwo, K., Swiatowit, vol. 6, 1905, pp. 73-80.
http://www.fikas.no/~sprocket/snpa/chapter-VI5.htm
From the Library for the Society for Nordish Physical Anthropology: http://www.fikas.no/~sprocket/snpa/articles.htm
9-)
Kowalski - Relatio Ibrahim ibn Ja'kub de itinere Slavico, quae traditur apud al-Bekri / Edidit, commentario et versione polonica atque latina instruxit Thaddaeus Kowalski cum adnotationibus J.Kostrzewski, K.Stolyhwo, K.Moszynski, K.Nitsch. Cracoviae, 1946 (Monumenta Poloniae Historica, Nova series, T. 1). [In Latin].
http://kulichki.com/~gumilev/Rest/rest0106.htm
10-)
In 1958 he stills alive and exchanging scientific correspondence related to Neanderthals with another Czech researcher:
http://www.vesmir.cz/clanek.php3?CID=5205
11-)
Was in a German Concentration Camp in World War II:
W niewoli u N.S.D.A.P.: zestawienie biograficzne w okresie od 1. IX. 1939 - 18. I. 1945 / Kazimierz Stolyhwo. Krakow: Nakladem Ksiegarni Floriana Trzecieckiego, 1946. 58 p. (in Polish. Tentative translation: A Prisoner of the German Nazis: Biographic statements, within ex 1. IX. 1939 to 18. I. 1945. Using: http://www.omniglot.com/links/translation.htm).
Subject: Political prisoners--Germany--1939-1945--Personal narratives; Poland; Dachau (Germany : Concentration Camp). Located at: Sourasky Central Library (System Number: 001554949).
http://132.66.58.20/ALEPH/ENG/TAU/AAC/AAC/FIND-ACC/3026814
http://gplanost.x-berg.de/widerstand.html
12-)
He is associated to Eugeina Stolyhwowa (also mentioned above):
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 1970;29(2):121-8. [Kazimierz and Eugenia Stolyhwo: reminiscences] [Article in Polish] Reicher M.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=4916646
13-)
The Other Child: Poles in Latin America. By Bernadine Pietraszek
"Among the explorers and scientists who studied life and primitive culture in Argentina, Chile, Bolivia and Mexico were Domeyko and Stolyhwo."
http://www.polishroots.org/paha/poles_latinamerica.htm
Here he is called in his castillian or latinized name, Casimir Stolyhwo:
Stolyhwo, Casimir, Prof. of Cracow-deported, 450, 453
http://www.polishroots.org/databases/black_book2.htm

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Regarding his disciple H. Hoyer:
Science News. Science, New Series, Vol. 71, No. 1831. (Jan. 31, 1930), p. x+xii+xiv. Remains of an Ice Age Rhinoceros in Poland.
H. Hoyer, Member of the Sarunia Research Committee.
Do we have some more information on Neanderthals in Poland?
Let's see:
http://www.dur.ac.uk/icaz.2002/sessions/neanderthal.html
10:00-10:20. Marylène Patou Mathis
Subsistence behaviours in Middle Palaeolithic site in Poland: the Raj Cave
ICAZ, Durham 2002. Neanderthal Ecology (scientific programme)
Session Organiser - Ariane Burke (U. of Manitoba; aburke@cc.umanitoba.ca)
http://www.showcaves.com/english/pl/showcaves/Raj.html
Jaskinia Raj. Raj Cave -Eden Cave.
History: SEP-1964 discovered. JUN-1972 opened to the public
Description: Jaskinia Raj is a horizontal cave system with many nice speleothems. The tour uses an artificial entrance tunnel and another artificial tunnel between two ends of cave passages allow a round trip inside the cave.
Paleolithic remains were found in the cave. The remains of Neanderthal man are the reason why this cave is protected.
The cave has a small exhibition of speleothems, archaeological and paleontological finds.
http://panda.bg.univ.gda.pl/~dbart/inne/raj_p.html
References:
Rubinowski Z., 1996, Raj - [W:] Jaskinie Rejonu Swietokrzyskiego, Urban J. (red.), PTPNoZ, Warszawa.
Rubinowski Z., Wroblewski T.,1986, Jaskinia Raj, Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warszawa.
Wroblewski T., 1983, Jaskinia Raj, KAW, Lódz.
Parma Ch., 1992, Najpiekniejsze jaskinie, Voyager, Warszawa.
http://www.habdas.kielce.com/speleo/raj.html
http://www.complex.com.pl/~leslaw/ssk/raj.html
http://www.budowlani.kielce.com.pl/Przewodnik
http://www.slowoludu.com.pl/gazeta/codzienna/2001/6xi/2.pdf
http://www.slowoludu.com.pl/gazeta/codzienna/2002/XI/30/6.pdf
Narzedzia krzemienne ludzi neandertalskich("Narzedzia flint of the neanderthal folks").

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What have to say about that some Bible Scholars?
Let's notice that the characteristics of the city of Ashtaroth (ca B.C. 1451) and the attire of Goliat (ca. B.C. 1063). Similar styles reappeared in Medieval times.
Ashtaroth, Ashtoreth: "A city, presumably a center of the worship of the goddess Ashtaroth (see below)…the city probably mentioned in the time of Abraham was later the capital of the giant Og, king of Bashan (Deut. 1:4). It was in the territory allotted to Manasseh by Moses (Jos. 13:31), but, though Joshua conquered Og (Jos. 9:10) and took Ashtaroth (Jos. 12:4), it was evidently not held, for it remained among the territories yet to be possessed when Joshua was an old man (Jos. 13:12)… A stylized representation of a city with crenellated towers and battlements standing on a mound below the name as-tar-tu (Astartu) is given on a bas-relief (a limestone relief) of Tiglath-Pileser III, which was discovered at Nimrud (British Museum 118908)". "Ashtaroth was also the name of a mother goddess with aspects as goddess of fertility, love and war, known to the Israelites through the Canaanites (1 Ki 11:5)…" T. C. M., The New Bible Dictionary.
http://biblicalstudies.info/bibartbm.pdf
Anakim were a Cushite tribe of the same race as the Philistines and the Egyptian shepherd kings. David on several occasions encountered them (2 Samuel 21:15-22). From this race sprung Goliath (1 Samuel 17:4) (Easton, M.G., 1897, Illustrated Bible Dictionary, 3^rdEdition, published by Thomas Nelson, online edition).
It is written that Og was of the remnant of the giants (Rephaim) (Deut. 3:11, Josh. 12:4), equally, other Rephaim individuals, children or sons of the giant (Raphahin 2 Sam., Rapha in 1 Chr.) within the Canaanite group of the Philistines, are: Sippai also called Saph (1 Chr. 20:4, 2 Sam. 21:18), that was of the children of the giant, which was slain by Sibbechai the Hushathite; and Lahmi (1 Chr. 20:5, 2 Sam. 21:19), the brother of Goliaththe Gittite (see below), whose spear staff was like a weaver's beam. Lahmi was slain by Elhanan the son of Jair. Then we have the description of a man (Heb. ’Ish, a male) of great stature, whose fingers and toes were four and twenty, six on each hand, and six on each foot: and he also was the son of the giant, but when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea, David's brother, slew him (1Chr. 20:7, 2 Sam. 21:20). One of them (Ishbibenob) almost killed David, who waxed faint. Ishbibenob, was of the sons of the giant, the weight of whose spear weighed three hundred shekels of brass in weight, he being girded with a new sword, thought to have slain David, but Abishai the son of Zeruiah succoured him, and smote the Philistine, and killed him. Those four were born unto the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants (1 Chr. 20:8, 2 Sam. 21:22).
But the most well known of these Giants, and of which a deeper description is given in the Bible is Goliath(whose name means "an exile or soothsayer," Young’s, p. 426) of Gath (1 Sam. 17:4-51, 21:9, 22:10). We will find a remarkable set of details about his garment. He is described as a champion out of the camp of the Philistines, whose height was six cubits and a span, and he had six pieces clothing him: an helmet of brass upon his head, and he was armed with a coat of mail; and the weight of the coat wasfive thousand shekels of brass, and he had greaves of brass upon his legs, and a target of brass between his shoulders, and the staff of his spear waslike a weaver's beam; and his spear's head weighed six hundred shekels of iron: and one bearing a shield went before him, and he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel. This cry was to instill fear in them, and its result was that "they were dismayed, and greatly and sore afraid" (1Sam 17:11, 1Sam 17:24), and the Philistine Goliath drew near morning and evening, and presented himself forty days (1Sam 17:16). The Philistine said, "I defy the armies of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together" (1Sam 17:10), but David clearly understood the real background, when he said: for who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God? (1Sam 17:26), and David said to the king of Israel "Let no man's heart fail because of him; thy servant will go and fight with this Philistine" (1Sam 17:32), and also "thy servant slew both the lion and the bear: and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them" (1Sam 17:36), "the LORD that delivered me out of the paw of the lion, and out of the paw of the bear, he will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine" (1Sam 17:37).
On analyzing the details of the description of Goliath’s garments we have an interesting detail: Goliath was sixcubits and a span in height (1 Sam. 17:4), his spear's head weighed sixhundred shekels (1 Sam. 17:7), and he had six pieces of armour (1 Sam. 17:5-7). The great defiers of God have been stamped with the number six, equally Nebuchadnezzar's Image was sixty cubits in height, and sixcubits wide; and six main instruments of music summoned its worshippers (Dan. 3) (E. W. Bullinger, The Apocalypse, or "The Day of the Lord", The Fourth Vision "On Earth", 2nd ed., 1909).
"The presence of these Nephilim, or fallen ones, who "come of the Nephilim" (see R.V.), in the land of Canaan… [was] the root cause for the extermination of the Canaanites. It was not at all a matter of unjust cruelty or vengeance on the part of Israel; but it was a matter of moral necessity for the well being of the human race, as such; and hence it was a command of God. In this case the sword was the instrument of judgment. Joshua beginning the work … the punitive justice of God was to preserve the race from absolute extinction, and secure the fulfillment of His Word and Will in the coming of the Seed of the woman (Gen. 3.15)", in: James Christopher Smith, The Ages: Past, Present, and Future. 5. The Main Cause of the Apostacy, 1905, Things to Come, 11(12):138-139.
The Amalekites declined later, and in Hezekiah´s days the sons of Simeon attacked "the remnant of the Amalekites that escaped", taking their stronghold in Mount Seir (1 Chr. 4:43).
"Infidels never tire of charging God with cruelty, not knowing the awful ancestry, or the nature and character of this corrupt race. The judgment executed by Israel was a mercy (Ps. 136.20) to the whole human race" (Bullinger, E. W., "S" and "s" or THE USE AND USAGE of pneuma in the New Testament, 1905, Things to Come, 11(10):110-111).
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