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Showing posts with label Oriental Dragon. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Oriental Dragon. Show all posts

Wednesday, 26 June 2013

Late Eastern Zhou ?Sauropod from s8int.com


Late Eastern Zhou Sauropod
http://s8int.com/WordPress/tag/living-dinosaurs/

“The Shang dynasty (1766 BC – 1027 BC) ruled parts of northern and central China. Its capital city was located at Anyang near the border of Henan from about 1384 BCE. This dynasty was based on agriculture; millet, wheat, and barley were the primary crops grown.

Fang Jian Dinosaur 1

In addition to the crops, silkworms, pigs, dogs, sheep, and oxen were raised. Aside from their agricultural prowess, the Shang dynasty was also advanced in metallurgy. Bronze ships, weapons, and tools were found from that era.” Thinkquest
This Ancient Chinese ornamental box of bronze features an unmistakable depiction of a sauropod dinosaur. To be more precise, likely a prosauropod dinosaur. A version of the object appeared in the book (The Great Bronze Age of China, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1980, p. 285.)
Fong, Wen ed. This photo is from Zhengzhou, from the Henan Museum.

The sauropod dinosaurs are easily recognizable and difficult to miss, however, might science here again made its depictions of the creature to large? One alternative to consider is that the creature depicted is one of the group that modern science now calls prosauropods who among other things was generally smaller. The creature crawling up the side of the box is also making an appearance here out in the water in the introductory photo at the very top of the page.[Not shown here]

Fang Jian Dinosaur 2

 

Closeup by DD
 
Actually the creatures being depicted are quite obviously dragons of the early conventionalized sort, and we have discussed the matter on this blog before. They appear to represent the Longnecked kind of Sea/Freshwater Monster with such features as the long necks, humps on the back (sometimes a long winding body) Flipperlike limbs and a short tail, frequently a finned tail. And they are usually shown as more compact than some of the later stylisations of dragons, but they can be of any length. During the Zhou (Formerly "Chou") period they were often depicted in jade.
 
It is notable that these depictions at the sides of the vessel forming handles makes them exactly like some of the "Patagonian Plesiosaur" native depictions also mentioned on this blog earlier. And that is appropriate because both of them are being represented as "Water Tigers"
 
 
Above and below, two Zhou Dragons depicted in nephrite jade
 

Wednesday, 5 December 2012

Kusshi, From Global Warming and Terraforming Terra

Kusshi [Global Warming and Terraforming Terra. some different views on Surviving Plesiosaurs]
Posted: 04 Dec 2012 12:00 AM PST




This is a straight off additional apparent sea serpent or related creature that appears world wide if certain conditions are met and can be expected once those conditions are met.

The creature is a creature of the deep that sets its egg clutches in boggy ground near the shore line. It then waits around for them to hatch and strengthen before they are taken back down to the sea.

The lakes need ready access to the sea and must be deep and generally cool to cold. Actual access need not be that easy because the creature can cross obstacles well enough.

Knowing that, I checked New Zealand and hit pay dirt. It also worked everywhere else that I was able to look. Necessarily, this was concentrated on lakes in which human habitation made observation probable.

Yet there are thousands of suitable lakes near the sea in the Boreal forests of Canada and Russia. This one happens to be on the edge of that possible habitation zone although warmer locales may turn out to be useful also provided the lake is deep enough. The problem in the tropics is that great depth is somewhat unlikely because of heavy sedimentation and little or no glacial scouring.




Kusshie: Japanese Lake Monster Mystery

Posted by: mystery_man on November 23rd, 2012

What is lurking in the waters of Japan’s Lake Kussharo?


An unknown creature, known affectionately as “Kusshi” in an attempt to emulate Loch Ness’ “Nessie,” has long been sighted in Lake Kussharo, in the nothern island of Hokkaido, Japan.

ke Kussharo is located within Akan National Park in eastern Hokkaido and derives its name from the Ainu word “Kuccharo,” which means “The place where a lake becomes a river and the river flows out.”

It is a caldera lake, formed in the crater of a volcano long ago, and is notable for being the largest lake of this kind in Japan as well as the 6th largest lake in the country overall.

It also boasts the largest island in a freshwater lake in Japan, the islet Nakanoshima, which is in fact a composite volcano. Lake Kussharo is massive for a caldera lake, being approximately 57 km in circumference and reaching depths of 117.5 meters.



A sculpture of the alleged creature by the lakeside

Kusshi is reported as being between 10 and 20 meters in length (30 to 60 ft), and the most commonly cited coloration is a dark brown. The neck is of a moderate length, and humps are sometimes mentioned. The head of the creature is said to look somewhat like that of a horse, only larger, with silver eyes, and is sometimes described as having two protrusions like giraffe horns on top. A few reports mention the creature making strange grunting or clicking noises. Interestingly, many witnesses report having felt distinctly uneasy, disturbed, or “icky,” upon seeing the creature.

One very interesting characteristic of Kusshi is the high speeds at which it reportedly can move. In 1974 footage was taken of a mysterious creature moving across the lake at breakneck speed. In Sept, 1974, a group of 15 witnesses reported being surprised by a large, somewhat triangular shaped animal with shiny skin like glistening scales, moving under the surface of the water with the speed of a motorboat. In 1988, a Mr. Takashi Murata was riding in a motorboat and reported being paced by a large animal at a distance of 15 meters away, which he described as having a dark back that looked like that of a dolphin. The animal followed him for a time, keeping up with the fast boat, before disappearing beneath the water.

Lake Kussharo’s alleged lake monster first came to widespread publicity during the 1970s due to a number of high profile sightings. In 1972, a man reported seeing an object that looked like a “boat turned upside down,” swimming quickly through the water. In August of 1973, a group of 40 middle school students on a field trip, as well as their teachers, spotted the creature not far from shore. In July, 1974, another famous case was reported by a Mr. Wada, a farmer who sighted a large, dark animal with several humps at intervals of 4 meters apart. The farmer watched the creature for some time before it submerged with a huge swell of water and a splash.

These sightings and many others like them brought attention to the lake, which culminated in an active search for the animal. For one month in Sept 1974, TV crews, boats equipped with fish finder sonar, and teams of divers explored the lake. These efforts produced some interesting results. Some of the sonar equipped boats reported finding large images at depths of 15 to 20 meters and a TV crew from the Hokkaido Broadcasting Company actually managed to catch footage of the alleged creature. Over the years, Kusshi has been photographed and filmed on several occasions, including as recently as 1990.



Kusshi continued to be sighted throughout the 70s and beyond, sometimes by large groups of people. In May, 1976, Kusshi was sighted by a group of 22 tour bus passengers and their driver. As recently as 1997, a group of firefighters spotted a strange animal swimming 100 meters offshore, which they estimated as being 20 meters long, with a dorsal fin and banded markings. Another sightings was made by tourists in 2002, and reports occasionally pop up to this day.

Although media attention made Kusshi famous in the 1970s, it would be a mistake to think that this was the first indication of something strange or unknown in the lake. The Ainu people who inhabit the area have long told of giant snakes that inhabit the lake. Pioneers coming to the area during the Meiji era also told of seeing these creatures, which were said to attack and eat deer whole. These stories have a long tradition among locals in the area. During the 40s and 50s, there were quite a few sightings of Kusshi as well, although these never did gain the attention that the 1970s sightings did.

So what could Kusshi be?

Lake Kussharo is itself not particularly a good habitat for aquatic life. The area is well known for its hot springs and volcanic activity, and volcanic gases bubbling up beneath the surface render the water of the lake highly acidic. In addition, a 1938 eruption in the area created a large amount of sulphur which found its way into the water. The conditions are not ideal for fish. Those that do thrive in the lake are species that are resistant to acidic water conditions, such as the introduced rainbow trout, and most fish in the lake congregate near inflowing streams which dilute the water. This limits the potential food supply and makes conditions difficult for a large animal.

One hypothesis is that swimming deer or other animals are behind the sightings. A swimming deer could perhaps fit in with some aspects of Kusshi reports, especially the general shape and presence of horns sometimes mentioned.

Another idea is that swimming horses could be the culprit. Kusshi’s head is often described as being horse like, and the creature has even been mistaken for a horse on at least one occasion. In July, 1975, a forestry worker saw what he at first thought was a horse swimming in the lake until he noticed that it was much larger than a horse as it came closer. The creature then dove below the surface not to be seen again. Could a horse or deer be behind these reports? It is an interesting idea, but the sizes reported for Kusshi are much larger than these animals and we are still faced with the reports that describe these creatures moving at high speeds.

Some point to the culprit as possibly being misidentified schools of fish such as rainbow trout, sockeye salmon, or Sakhalin taimen (Hutcho perryi), which is found in Hokkaido and is one of the oldest and largest species of salmon. It is something to consider, but would do nothing to explain the head and neck seen in many reports. Still another, more unconventional explanation, is that Kusshi could be some sort of giant slug. Kusshi has been attributed to misidentifications of motorboats as well.

There are those that have even used the surviving plesiosaur theory, and there is even a model of Kusshi found at the lake that most certainly resembles the mainstream “Nessie” image of one. However, this most reports do not really describe the animal in that way [They are describing waves in the wake], and this speculation seems to be an attempt to liken Kusshi to the popular image of Nessie more than anything else. Even for the Loch Ness Monster, the plesiosaur hypothesis has been largely debunked and abandoned. [This is untrue, and the tide of public opinion seems to be turning once again-DD]

This sort of thing has led some people to make the accusation that the lake monster has been played up in order to promote tourism to the area. Indeed, even now the area draws many visitors looking to catch a glimpse of something strange in the lake.

Whatever it is, Kusshi’s identity remains an interesting mystery.

Tuesday, 24 January 2012

Welcome to the Year of the Dragon

Welcome to the new year of the Dragon by the Chinese calendar (A most auspicious year)
I have written on Oriental dragons extensively on this blog before. For a refresher, although I consider several different creatures to be involved in what could be called dragon sightings in Chinese past history, and ranging from giant salamanders to Inland Sea-Serpents, I consider the "True" Oriental dragon to be an intermediate category recognised as more or less the "Average" Oriental dragon. See the older Blog posting at:
http://frontiersofzoology.blogspot.com/2011/11/some-more-on-oriental-dragon.html

Neolithic Chinese Royal Grave with dragon figure laid out in shells, cmparable in size to similar representation of a tiger and the human skeleton between the two, cultural context radiocarbon dated to approx. 6000 BC.

This would be the moderate-sized creature corresponding to descriptions of the Buru of Assam and otherwise to the Komodo dragon known to be living in Australia. An amphibious, saltwater and freshwater-inhabiting monitor lizard much like the Komodo dragon but up to twice the usual dimensions has been reported from various parts of Southern Asia and including even occasionally on Komodo island itself, and Bernard Heuvelmans lists several locations where it occurs as separate types of dragons because its range actually is so widespread. (Heuvelmans considers the shoreline-traveling larger dragon and the highlands dwelling Buru to be the same species but I am not so sure about that myself. It does make things easier for the Cryptozoologists to refer to only one new species of surprisingly large lizards yet to be discovered and catalogued)

Above, a Komodo dragon stretched out at length. To the left, the yellow tongue looking like a flickering flame. Another similar type of large monitor lizard could also be the origin for stories of Western dragons and the opponent of such legendary figures as St. George.
The newly-hatched Komodo dragon has a pattern of smallish red and yellow eyespots or Ocelli. In my reconstruction of the larger Water-Monitor of Southern Asia and Indonesia, I include a representation of about the same colour scheme in contrast to the regular New Guinean "Crocodile monitor" although all three large monitor lizards must be very closely related.

It turns out that both Crocodile monitors and the Komodo Dragons originated on Australia and are related to the even bigger "Megalania" (actually Varanus) prisca ,but all are one clade within the genus Varanus (Monitor lizards)

The Komodo dragons are the only lizards known to be living today that are thought to be actually dangerous to unarmed human beings.Tourists have been eaten by the dragons and it is best to keep out of their way.
Karl Shuker once voiced his objection that some accounts of the Buru say that the creature hasn't any legs, only "Flanges" at the sides (in a conversation that was admittedly difficult to translate.) Here is a photo of a Komodo dragon digging itself into the ground, and indeed the legs are not noticeable as anything that would ordinarily be described as legs.In wet mud the effect is more pronounced.

Best Wishes, Dale D.

Tuesday, 1 November 2011

Some More On Oriental Dragon Development


"Lifesized" dragon state in a Chinese park, from Wikipedia.



Characteristics of Chinese Dragons and Their Developmental Stages

Chinese art and cultural beliefs have been dominated by dragons for thousands of years. A mix of animal features are seen in Chinese dragons, and thanks to the scholarship of Wang Fu some time between 206 B.C. and A.D. 220 during the Han Dynasty, the features and complex stages of dragon growth and maturity were described.

From Hatchling to Maturity – The Fantastic Stages of Chinese Dragon Development

The profound influence the dragon has had on Chinese culture can be seen in the complexity and detail with which their mythical character has been envisioned. Chinese dragons go through a lengthy series of metamorphic stages before becoming the rare wonder of a winged Chinese dragon.
To begin, a Chinese dragon does not even hatch from its gem-like egg (1) until 1,000 years after it has been laid. The hatchling dragon looks like a water snake (2) and 500 years will pass before it develops the head of a carp. (3) Then over another 1,000 years the carp scales will cover its body and four short limbs will grow. During this time the tail will grow long, the face will become elongated, a beard will develop, and sharp claws will emerge from the feet.(4)
Antlers will grow over the next 500 years, and strangely the Chinese dragon hears through its antlers. (this legend arose because some reports specify "ears" and others say "Horns" for evidently the same protrusions on the head) Despite the presence of ears, it has been deaf until the growth of antlers.(5) Not until the passing of another 1,000 years will the dragon grow wings and achieve the ultimate state of a mature and glorious Chinese dragon. (6)
[Source: "Dragons: A Natural History." 1995. Dr. Karl Shuker. Simon & Schuster , New York . Pages 87-89.The photo is from another source, a book which is named A Natural History of Unnatural Things in the edition I own. This is a book of pretend-Cryptozoology and not the "Real Thing"]
Despite the description, Chinese dragons are almost universally wingless. Stage 6 does not ordinarily apply.
The story of eggs lying dormant for a thousand years is part of a separate tradition which has nothing to do with dragons. That the eggs are "Jewel-like" or "Pearl-like" is due to a confusion of the dragon's egg with the disc or "Pearl" that is often shown near the dragon's head in some representations. Peter Costello made the suggestion (unusual for him) that perhaps Plesiosaurs were ovoviviparous but occasionally dropped the bad eggs, similar in size and shape to an ostrich's eggs, which then in turn gave rise to the legend of dragon's eggs (In Search of Lake Monsters) This may be true but I think there is an actual reptile involved at the base of dragon stories and that is where the legend came from (Oddly enough, the lizard has also been suggested to be ovoviviparous, which is to say, laying eggs but reetaining them in the body until they hatch, and then giving birth to fully-developed young)

However stage 3 is the part which I'd like to point out first. It seems obvious to me that this is nothing more nor less than a depiction of the Chinese giant salamander. the earlier stages 1) and 2) therefore only represent its tadpole stages (Lasting a few months instead of many years)


Stage 4 is the Kao-Lung or the "Deaf" (Hornless) dragon. it has fully-developed and clawed digits and lives mostly in the water although it is also amphibious. Its measurements are identical to those given for the Buru and it seems certain that this is a large aquatic lizard akin to the Buru (as mentioned in one of my early CFZ Blogs) http://forteanzoology.blogspot.com/2009/09/dale-drinnon-buru.html

Saturday, September 05, 2009


DALE DRINNON: The Buru

On August 6th Richard Freeman posted an article about Chinese lake monsters, and I'm going to say the dreaded word again: some of those Lake Monster reports from Richard sound like Burus and especially the mention of the forelimbs with five distinct digits....

The reason I say "Buru" is because it seems that the Tibetan reports are from off the Bramaputra River and just north of the region of the regular Buru reports. And when I went through my home files for Lake Monster reports in Tibet, Yunnan and Sichuan, I got a distinctive pattern: lizard-shaped creatures; usually about 10-12 feet long, with a head the size of a horse's; long neck about that long again; body as long as head and neck together; and tail about as long as head, neck and body together; with four regularly-shaped legs, with five distinct clawed toes on the feet. All of this is in agreement with the Buru and Meikong River Monster (One of the Yunnan reports is on the upper Meikong River) and those Chinese reports from Charles Gould's Mythical Monsters quoted here before (records allgedly from 200 BC to 1500 AD at the very least).

And once again, there is a sightings mockup of the types on file in this group, which has a photo of a Komodo dragon representing the Buru: that photo has the lizard in mud up to its elbows and knees, if an explanation for the one report of "Flanges not legs" still needs to be accounted for. That file is named 'Scale Mockup for Unknown Monitor Lizards.'

Not only are there adequate local fossils for Komodo-dragon-sized monitor lizards in India, their ancestors were in the Himalayan region at the same time as the highlands were building. Populations of them could conceivably have stayed put and adapted to the highland conditions. Viviparous lizards in Northern Scandinavia live under a similar climate and hibernate a long time, and the Burus could have become viviparous in parallel to them. I imagine the creatures ordinarily derive much of their diet from grubbing up crustaceans and molluscs out of the muddy bottoms, but that the will take fishes when possible and the old Chinese records speak of such creatures greedily eating birds and eggs when they can be had. They may only swallow solid food under water. I don't think that they are ambush predators like crocs, although that has been alleged, but that they would gladly eat carrion of drowned corpses. In other words, I doubt if they would drag a yak into the water but if there was the body of a drowned yak in the water, surely then they would be seen eating it.

Chinese Buru Dragon, from
Charles Gould's Mythical Monsters

APPENDIX VII.

EXTRACTS FROM THE "PAN TSAOU KANG MU."

THE KIAO-LUNG. (The four-footed coiled Dragon. The Iguanodon.
Eitel.)
This animal, according to Shi Chan, belongs to the dragon family. Its eye-brows are crossed, hence its name signifies "the crossed reptile." The scaled variety is called the Kiao-Lung, the winged the Ying-Lung. The horned kind are called K‘iu, the hornless kind Li. In Indian books it is called Kwan-P‘i-Lo.[=Buru]
Shi Chan, quoting from the Kwan Cheu Ki, says: “The Iguanodon (?) is more than twelve feet long; it resembles a snake, it has four feet, and is broad like a shield. It has a small head and a slender neck, the latter being covered with numerous protuberances. The front of its breast is of a red colour, its back is variegated with green, and its sides as if embroidered. Its tail is composed of fleshy rings; the larger ones are several. Its eggs are also large. It can induce fish to fly, but if a turtle is present they will not do so.
“The Emperor Chao, of the Han, when fishing in the river Wéi, caught a white Iguanodon. It resembled a snake, but was without scales. Its head was composed of soft flesh, and tusks issued from the mouth. The Emperor ordered his ministers to get it preserved. its flesh is delicious; bones green, flesh red.”
From the above it may be seen the Iguanodon is edible.
On this blog the pertinent posting is "The Real Dragons" from 11th February of the current year:
http://frontiersofzoology.blogspot.com/2011/02/real-dragons.html

And it can be easily understood that it has no horns or external ears (nor yet mane or beard imparted onto the dragon's image from other sources) but that it would be deaf because it had no horns would be a needless superstiotion. The real reason is that its ears are not noticeable and some people assumed that since it had no ears it must be deaf: a lizard's ears are flat to the head in any species anyway.

Now the point I wanted to impart especially is that the pig-dragon jade amulets are not the earliest representations of dragons in Chinese archaeology. There are lizardlike representations of dragons in the same Neolithic culture. A most important one is illustrated by the arrangement of shells in a royal grave.

















Which appears to show a creature at least comparable to a Komodo dragon in size, although probably the tail would be longer in life. This is no doubt an early representation of the hornless Kiao-Lung
















By the Zhou (Chou) dynasty, which follows the Chang, the larger-end of "Developed Dragons" are depicted a little more clearly. Here the lower extended dragon is another Kiao-Lung and it corresponds to some of the longbodied jade "dragon-pigs" of the Hongshan period. I would suggest that these be relabelled as "Water-Tigers" instead, and some of them could indeed be mant to represent giant otters (Megalenhydris?) But in this case the larger and more elongated dragon at the top has a definite long snaky neck and four flippers indicated on the sides of the




















body at approximately the correct places where Plesiosaurs would have flippers. The more convoluted jade dragon shown below it starts to have the traditional problem with the traditional dragon, depicting a long and winding body and yet getting the perspective of the different limbs right. The body shape is still pretty well Plesiosaurian with the body being the more or less horizontal section in the middle with limbs on both ends, and the shorter tail shown as a fishtail. note that the four limbs are once again shown as winglike flippers. The head once again has thatcurlicue behind the eye to indicate a Euryapsid skull.
In fact the Hongshan Neolithic might well include the oldest forerunner of the Taotie mask if this goat head is meant to represent a dragon's head: we have plenty of Long-necked Water Monster reports that say it has a head like a goat, and in which case we can see where the traditional beard got stuck on the Oriental Dragon (The mane is evidently meaning the maned "Merhorse" males of the LongNeck, which can otherwise be called a lion's mane in other traditions) In this case the correspondance to a Euryapsid skull is once again striking but for the fact the nostrils are in the wrong place (A common enough mistake) The spot in the forehead where the pineal "Eye" would be located also might be indicated here.




Please also see the earlier blog on Taotie masks as representing Euryapsid Chinese Dragons:

http://frontiersofzoology.blogspot.com/2011/08/taotie-tao-tieh-dragon-faces.html

Here are another couple of Zhou white jade dragons indicating somehat more clearly the breakdown of the body length into head and neck, body and tail, and the four flipperlike limbs at the front and rear end of the body section. I also assume that the heads are once again indicating the Euryapsid condition:

white jade dragons, tomb marquis of zeng, Zhou (Chou)dynasty

And if the dimensions given by the dragon statue at the start of this article (Which is from Wikipedia) are anywhere near accurate, the standard Chinese dragon has about the same linear proportions (Length of neck, body and tail) as Tim Dinsdale's reconstruction for the Loch Ness Monster, and the difference is of course that the statue does not have the same extreme variation in diameters of the body parts that Dinsdale's reconstruction shows. The dragon (Lung) statue might be construed as indicating two shallow humps along the back, also.


Odd late "Serpopard" as Astrological figure,
presumably imported from Babylon, Han Dynasty
(approx. equal to the Classical age Mediterranean)

And this last one is an oddity but seems to indicate once again that the Babylonian "Sirrush" dragon design had been imported Eastward into China during about Roman times, something which was suspected already and mentioned in the earlier blog posting on the matter.

Best Wishes, Dale D.

Monday, 15 August 2011

Taotie (Tao T'ieh) Dragon Faces


[Taotie on a ding bronze vessel from late Shang era]

Taotie
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Taotie (Chinese: 饕餮; pinyin: tāotiè; Japanese: tōtetsu, sometimes translated as a gluttonous ogre mask) is a motif commonly found on ritual bronze vessels from the Shang and Zhou Dynasty. The design typically consists of a zoomorphic mask, described as being frontal, bilaterally symmetrical, with a pair of raised eyes and typically no lower jaw area. Some argue that the design can be traced back to Neolithic jades of the ancient Yangtze River Liangzhu culture (3310–2250 BCE).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taotie

Taotie (Or Tao-T'ieh as it used to be commonly spelled) was an important symbol back at the beginning of Chinese civilisation but as time went by the opriginal meaning got lost. different interpretations of the mask were done artistically and different stories were attached to it It was said to be a glutton and to try to eat people, to do them great harm by trying to eat them but afterwards the bodies were passed through intact. Some versions of the Dragon or Ogre face are shown holding a human head in the mouth. The Taotie is said to be one of the "Children of the Dragon" and to have an affinity to water (All mentioned in the Wikipedia entry)


Taotie jug with Dragon handle.

















Muraenosaurus, a well-preserved long-necked Plesiosaur, from a Chinese-language site (Pasteup with views of its skull as arranged by me)




Jade Taotie rubbed with red cinnabar for colouring. My interpretation is that the Taotie mask basically shows the top of a short-snouted longnecked Plesiosaur's skull, with the eye sockets in the appropriate place and the Euryapsid openings in the back of the skull behind the eyes.






Muraenosaurus skull in a different orientation for a better comparison. The Taoties also sometimes exaggerate "Horns" at the back of the skull and some later versions can look like tigers with water buffalo horns. I am fairly certain after looking over several of the older designs that the back of the head means ONLY to show the Euryapsid openings. Some Taoties do also seem to indicate the "Third eye" opening as well (between the eye sockets and the Euryapsid openings on the diagram)






And of course the lower jaw is not seen in this position and can rightly be left off: some of the older designs also show the sides of the head "Unrolled" to the sides and thus making a broader mask area, including the sides and two views of the lower jaw in that way. The illustration which begins this entry is of such a type. The design is similar to several Northwest-coast American designs and particularly to depictions of the Sea-serpent Sisutl (suspected separately as representing a Plesiosaur-shaped creature) Some rather basic "Dragon" designs are associated with Taoties (as an example in the bronze jug handle above, top images on this page from Wikipedia) and sometimes incorporated into the design.


The later Chinese dragons are basically composite creatures based on a typically lizardlike design (see "The Real Dragons", one of the first entries on the Frontiers of Zoology blog) However, one recognisable component has always been a Longnecked lake (River) monster with a mane and a jagged crest all the way down the middle of its back. The Dragon's face still retains features of a Taotie mask and the representations are probably related (see at bottom)

As it is, there is probably still too strong an influence of swimming moose (red deer stag) in the depiction of the head, probably from Chinese chroniclers including those "Water Horse" reports in with the others in the database (Most Cryptozoologists are still doing that with most Water Monster reports worldwide) However in this Lung depiction, the body proportions can be seen as head and neck, body, and tail assumed to be about equal thirds of the long "Sea-serpent" body (There should actually be a central thickened part to the body and some "Dragon turtle" reports provide that) The limbs at first look nothing like Plesiosaur flippers but the description provides the detail that there are "Tiger Paws" in the middle (red here) before going on to the long "Claws" [=digits or fingers] of the limb skeleton. Astonishingly, this matches the description of a Plesiosaur's limb bones although the artists could never figure out what this meant. See the earlier FOZ Blog entry from April:
http://frontiersofzoology.blogspot.com/2011/04/cfz-blog-on-plesiosaurian-taniwhas.html



Sunday, 14 August 2011

Oriental Dragon Boats


[Dragon Boat Racing By Yolks on Deviant Art]

After producing a blog on the Viking Dragon longboats, it only seemed reasonable that should also do a posting for the also well-known Dragon boats of the Orient. These practically also include the similar Naga boats of South Asia and Indonesia. In many parts of the Orient, Dragon-boat races are the high point of annual celebrations. There are also Naga (Snakeship) races in South India.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_boat
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_boat_race

A plan for making a Dragon boat model for a small boat of ten paddlers or so. This drawing is better for showing the figurehead end of the assembly. Traditionally such craft are steered by an oar in the back end. The drum is shown most prominently here.


Dragon boats are usually canoes that are paddled and not rowed, with the major distinction being that paddlers face front and can see where they are going while oarsmen face to the stern of their ships. Dragon boats are typically from 50 to 100 feet long and can be as much as six feet wide, and they typically have about twenty paddlers per boat in a boat race. Modern competetive Dragon rboat races can have 40 to 50 paddlers. They can also have the same sort of high figureheads but these can be removed, but more usually the dragon figurehead is held low and pointed straight ahead. This is perhaps more natural because the Water-dragons themselves must travel at speed with the head and neck down and pointed straight ahead. Dragon boats also usually have a drum with a drummer strategically placed to provide motivation and rhythm.



The traditional Dragon-Figurehead on a Dragon boat would be about the same size as the dragon's head on a Viking longship, about two to three feet, but most competetive racing boats any more have much reduced heads, at a minimum size to streamline the craft. the forward portion holding the figurehead could easily be 6 to 12 feet traditionally, so the absolute size of the figurehead is close to the absolute size of the Viking longboat figurehead, but only just the last end part of it. A Longneck with a head and forepart of the neck (foreward of the heavier base) could be in the range of fifty feet long and six feet wide, and so the idea seems to have been that the size of the canoe was indeed traditionally meant to indicate the approximate dimension of the Dragon itself (A statement to this effect is made in Burma at least.)

One feature of the figureheads for both the Dragon boat and Naga boat figureheads is that often there is an indication of foreflippers (or wings) at the base of the neck in the representation.


[Dragon Boat Racing, photo from Wikipedia]



Child riding a Naga as a boat from Indonesia, traditional artwork on sale over the internet, and a Naga Boat (comparable to a Chinese Dragon boat) below it.



















These Nagaboats also tend to have the figurehead about the same dimensions as a Viking Longboat but with the neck lying down
As mentioned, this is likely the Longneck's ordinary position when swimming and especially when swimming at speed. So that part makes sense. Also from compiling statistics about the necks of Longnecks and figuring out how they must work, there are basically three sections to a Longneck's neck: the front part is thinnest and most flexible, the rear part is thickest and least flexible and used to back up the forepart of the neck when swimming, in reaction to the water pressure; while the middle part is intermediate between the front and the back. The Dragon boats and Naga boats do not only show the three sections properly in right relationships to one another, they very frequently scale out at the right absolute size to match the reports. Once again, this does not necessarily extend to modern competetive racing boats, where the Dragon head may be reduced to the minimum possible size.