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Showing posts with label Salvajes. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Salvajes. Show all posts

Sunday, 29 January 2012

More on Mexican Wildmen

Once again translation of the Spanish-Language sit is by Babel Fish:
http://espeleovirtual.blogspot.com/2011/02/el-mito-del-hombre-salvaje-de-las.html

Wild Man The Myth of the Cave


by Carlos Augusto Evia Cervantes. Paper presented at the VII Mexican Congress of Speleology, organized by the Mexican Union of Associations of speleologists in Cuetzalan, Puebla during days 2 to February 5, 2007.

In the state of Yucatan has a myth among men in the field, this is a story that mentions a man who lives in a state of savagery. Through anthropological literature has detected similar versions in indigenous societies in the south and southeast Mexico. The aim of this paper is to present part of the research progress on this myth and offer a preliminary hypothesis that interesting story.
In the accounts of the Wild is described with a look that is almost human. It is sometimes said to be living with your partner and with others of their species, also wild. He does not speak like humans but they growl like animals that are aggressive with men, women kidnaps and eats children. They also say that parts of cattle stealing, taking the fruits and other crops at harvest time.
For all the above, the dreaded Wild exhibits a behavior that appears to violate the rules of human coexistence which creates conflicts with nearby communities where lives. Its natural range of existence seems to be the ends rarely visited by the villagers. The Yucatecan version is much related to the caves. Occasionally the Wild out of those sites and is close to the people. When farmers go to their fields, hunting or Lenar and approach the limits of known space, then come to the mythical character.
As part of the research method was necessary to make a review of the literature it is known that some myths are distributed widely throughout the world. In addition, this action can likely find the similarities between the myth and the corresponding version of universal local . Following this strategy was consulted minimum approach to a variety of sources related to the myth and found that indeed it has been recorded in many places.
  The Myth of the Wild Man in the World Since ancient times of the different cultures around the world have semi-human beings recreated stories about living in forests and impenetrable jungles. The myth of the wild man has deep popular roots thanks to a long oral tradition has always been present in the tales of Europe and that this be living in the immediate confines of the community. Negative behaviors are attributed to him such as lust, cannibalism, eating meat raw and animal behavior. (Bartra, 1998: 14-27). Just to get an idea of the distribution of this myth is worth mentioning the Yeti or abominable snowman, reported in China and Mongolia, the Sasquatch or Bigfoot in North America (Navarro; S / f: 295) and mapinguary, Brazil (Shuker, 1992: 178-179). European and Aboriginal people in Australia say they have seen the Yowie, hominid creature, hairy, like a gorilla (Ang, 1996: 365). In Spain, students of oral tradition repeatedly point to a wild man named Basa Jaun, who lives in the caves of forests (Marliave, 1995: 27-28).[Note: BasaJaun is a Basque name and it means "Lord of the Forest", the usual Spanish term is Salvaje, although used less often in more recent years-DD] They are all part of this myth which is composed of a vast array of stories.
The Myth of the Wild in Southeast Mexico Trying to follow an order of presentation that goes from general to particular, reported releases to mention playing in the south and southeastern Mexico. The first of these cases it is stated that, among the Mazatec who live in the northern region of Oaxaca, there is a story that mentions a being called the Savage. He lived with his wife in a cave in Cerro del Encanto. It is said that the Savage was big and hairy, but his feet were flipped, ie had the fingers back. Because frightened people of the place, two people decided to hunt, but they failed in their attempt to see just panicked. After the experience became ill from the shock. (Colombres, 1982: 37-39). The second job is a reporter for the beginning of last century, who narrated that once the president of that time, General Porfirio Diaz, claimed to have killed a group of men living in the wild in caves located in Oaxaca. This was done because the savages had kidnapped women belonging to an indigenous group. Diaz, according to the report, said he examined the strange beings, they had a lot of hair and were very strong, but they were very human factions. (Anonymous, 2004:15) The third report from the state of Tabasco, where there is a mountain called El Madrigal. It is said that there lives a strange man from time immemorial is known as The Wild [El Salvaje]. Is known to be nomadic gatherer. Is said to be very tall and very hairy. He lives in the caves of the hill and communicates with grunts. Every night he does something that looks like a ritual before joining its mate. Sleep in a bed made ​​in the crown of a tree (García, 1991: 87-88). The fourth source was found written in a magazine that specializes in reading for children. The publication provides a series of myths considered representative of the Mexican nation. In this issue appears a version of the myth that says now. Savage points out that is huge, living in the depths of the forests, has his feet backwards and makes a huge noise to fell trees that hinder their path. He can not bend the joints of the body and has the belly uncovered. The bullets do not hurt. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if you listen to music, it becomes meek ​​as a lamb, this is the way to master (Johnston, 1979, 1549).

The Myth of the Wild Man in Yucatan now time to present bibliographic versions of Yucatan. With this objective has been revised production of vernacular writers who best represent this activity. The myth of the Wild Man is represented by a character named Che Uinik, forest dwellers, described as being of great body, joints and muscular but without bones. For this reason, this giant can not lie on the floor to sleep, because it would be very difficult to get. Standing or lying asleep in the tree trunk and his feet are reversed, ie, heels forward and toes behind. His voice is like the sound of thunder. When walking, Che Uinik, leans on a cane made ​​from a tree trunk and can devour a person lost in the woods, which in fact is your favorite food (Peniche: 1999, 49). Another case is that presents a journalist and a disturbing rumor about the communities in the municipality of Tecoh: a caveman, two meters tall, long hair and hairy body. He wanders at night by white roads gaps and high mountains in the deep South of the State. It has also been found in low mountains closer to population centers. Those who have seen swear and perjure is frightening, which is more like a gorilla or a bear, but who walks upright and listen as you go makes a hoarse gasp. Others have not seen directly, but have seen their footprints (Lopez, 2000: 97).
Conclusion The myth is a way to express and condemn the negative patterns of communal living. The accounts do not state openly breaches the rules, but if it exhibits to those who do as being undesirable, in fact, they are not considered as part of the social group, then living in mountain caves or jungles. In short, live at the end of the known by the community. It follows that, the individual being part of the group, which commits an act of this kind may be removed or at least rejected. Indirectly are positive behavioral patterns that serve to facilitate social harmony and to strengthen the collective identity of individuals and groups who share this myth. It should be noted that in this myth, the cave has a very important symbolic function, which is to represent the threshold of the indigenous world known. The natural conditions of the caves (darkness, depths, water and animals) favor the permanence of this symbol in the world view of indigenous cultures. For this reason the visit to the caves of indigenous areas should be done with due respect for the ancient beliefs and with the consent of the inhabitants of those regions.

 Bibliography
  • Ang, Gonzalo. 1996, The Outer Limits. Mexico. Reader's Digest.
  • Anonymous. 2004, "There are the Mexican Bigfoot". In magazine "Weekly unusual" Year XIV, No. 674. Flores Muñoz, José María (editor). Mina Editors. Mexico, p. 15.
  • Bartra, Roger. 1998, The Savage in the mirror. Mexico. Era Publishing and National University of Mexico.
  • Colombres, Adolfo. 1982, Tales of the indigenous world: Anthology. Mexico. Ministry of Education - Diana. pp. 37-39
  • Juárez García, Julio Cesar. 1991, Types, legends and traditions of Tacotalpa, Tabasco. Ed Tacotalpa Constitutional Hall, Tabasco from 1989 to 1991.
  • Johnston, Tony. 1979, "Fantastic Beasts". At Hummingbird, No 97 children's encyclopedia. Mexico. National Council for Educational Development, SEP / SALVAT
  • Lopez Mendez, Roberto. 2000, Legends and stories of contemporary Mayab. Mérida. Maldonado Editors - PACMYC.
  • Marliave, Olivier de. 1995, Small dictionary of mythology Basque and Pyrenees. Ed Alexandria. Barcelona.
  • Navarro, Joaquín. S / F, Great Enigmas of Humankind. Barcelona. Editorial Ocean.
  • Peniche Barrera, Roland. 1999, Maya mythology: 15 fabulous beings. Ed Trading SA de CV Mérida.
  • Shuker, Karl. 1999, Atlas of the inexplicable. Mexico. Ed Diana.

Friday, 27 January 2012

Jadesquatch and Crystal Wildman Skull Carvings


http://www.positivehealth.com/article/crystal-healing/crystal-skulls-focus-for-light-healing-and-consciousness
[Some of the Jade and Crystal Skull material comes from this site.}
Above is a jade mask from Mongolia which seems to be similar in many respects to other masks from the area: one such mask was illustrated by Ivan Sanderson as remarked upon by Russian scientists and a reconstruction done from it. I take all such masks to represent the largest form of "Yeti", and the same thing as the Sasquatch in the Western coast of North America and the Rocky Mountains. In this case, the teeth are stylized and the top of the head left vague, but it has a distinctly apelike nose and placement of the eye sockets. The teeth are variably depicted in such masks, and may be shown as either fanged or even-topped.
I have spoken before about jade and crystal skull and skeleton representations from both China (and surrounding territories) and from Mexico as affording good indirect proof of Sasquatch on both sides of the bering straits, and that they not only indicate the people are independantly portraying the same thing, the same thing they are depicting seems to be Gigantopithecus. This is mostly because the jaw seems to match (the jaw is the only directly available part of Giganto we can compare directly) but that the skull faces as portrayed seem to correspond to the full skull reconstruction made by Grover Krantz (photos below, casts can be obtained through Bone Clones) In this case I have what is purportedly another ancient jade skull-mask from Mongolia above, and some very ornate little agate skulls from Mexico on sale on Ebay.
The little agate skulls may not be authentically ancient, but I have seen other ones like it from California (mount Shasta) and other regions which leads me to believe the design is authentic and counts as Folk-art if not Precolumbian. The carved jade full skeleton statue illustrated below IS authentic and the shape of the skulls should be compared. Notable is the fact that the top of the head is a cone, or "Mountain-shaped" in the terminology of cranial deformation. In the profile view at left, the high zigzag of the zygomatic arch is unusual and it should be compared to the high zygomatic on Krantz's Gigantopithecus reconstruction.




Above: Bone Clones cast of Gigantopithecus reconstruction by Grover Krantz, and the jaw separately below.

Authentic Aztec jade statue of skeletonized god Xolotl. I had published this before in a B&W xeroxed reproduction. Notice the very apelike head yet very human shaped hands and feet. Presumably a Mexican Bigfoot or something very much like it.
http://blog.world-mysteries.com/strange-artifacts/crystal-skull-found-in-berlin/

One very interesting Crystal Skull was found in the private collection of a former museum owner in Berlin. It has a date of 1917 for its acquisition and it is supposedly a Mayan crystal skull from Central america. On the other hand, it looks strikingly like the skull of a fossil human, and resembles reconstructions which were only made much later than the WWI era:

Crystal Skull Found in Berlin

We would like to show this outstanding crystal skull, full of energy and power.
If you look at it you see the “whole universe” in it.
The head looks very alien and is made out of an piece rock crystal.
It looks very antique and highest quality handmade.
The head was restored in former times.
The crystal skull is 7 x 12 x 7 cm. (about 3 inches by 3 inches by 5 inches)
It bears a writing of a collection “Inv. 23.J(T?) 1917 A v Bode”. The whole object is definitely old and could be in the private collection of Arnold Wilhelm von Bode, the famous German museum director.
If somebody could send us further informations, that would be very helpful.
Thank you Martin

The same skull is featured on several other sites and has attracted a lot of internet attention, but there seems to be very little information to be added to what is stated here. It does appear to be authentic, very old, out of the collection of a museum long since defunct, and unlike anything that would ordinarily have been produced in the era which is was reportedly found in. On the other hand it also DOES match several purportedly NEOLITHIC aged skulls from Mongolia, Centtral Asia and Tibet (for which more later)





Above on the right are some photos of skulls and reconstructed skulls of Homo erectus and Neanderthals to compare with the Berlin Crystal skull. The different skulls are used because the similarities to one type or another depend on the different views. Below are some reference illustrations comparing the skulls of Peking Man (a female), Neanderthal Man (a male) and a modern human (also a female). One of the pitfalls in older diagrams of this type is that different sexes will be casually set down next to one another, and the differences between the sexes in such ypes as Neanderthals and erectus can be quite pronounced, including especially the absolute size.



This is another set of Chinese Neolithic nephrite jade skulls which appear to be similar to the Mayan crystal skull from Berlin above, and which likewise seems to exhibit the anatomy of a primitive type.


Ancient Skulls
The Himalaya, Mongolia and Maya Connection
What is the connection, if any, between ‘ancient’ or ‘old’ Central American and Himalayan crystal skulls?




Ancient Neolithic Mongolian Jade Skull


Ancient Semi-Nomadic Goddess Based Shamanic Mongolian Tribes

Oriental Roots: Mongolia and Tibet; 8,000 BCE to 0BC
~ Late Neolithic Era through the Legendary Period and into Historic Time ~

New archaeological evidence has now proven that the matriarchal, Goddess based, semi-nomadic tribes that roamed the area between Tibet and Mongolia, were possibly the first societies to carve stones and crystals into skulls by approximately 10,000 BCE. These ancient Neolithic people were the first to begin carving stone into objects of both utility and art. Since it is generally accepted by the scientific community that many of the oriental groups migrated to the new world, it can be assumed that they brought much of their culture, ceremonies and art with them, including the making and use of crystal and stone skulls in sacred rituals.

The Chinese civilization spans a vast expanse of time, from before the Three Kings and Five Emperors to the present. It is a miracle of human creativity and civilization. The “Culture of Jade” is closely linked to the development of Central Asia. Confucius said that a gentleman is judged by the quality of his jade. Not only was jade more valuable than gold, but the design of jade wares varied according to social status.

The oldest jade ware discovered dates back to 8000+ years ago. It is a jade dagger excavated at the Relic Pyramid of Hu in Shanxi Province. The largest pieces of stone carving took 10 years for the artists of Yangzhou to complete. Some of these early pieces are on display at the British Museum, London, England.

The Neolithic Culture, from 8,000 to 4,500 BCE, is one of the earliest and most advanced civilizations discovered, to date, in China. This culture was mainly located in the land area between Inner Mongolia and present day Liaoning and Hebei provinces (new evidence reveals possible settlements in the Yangtze River area).

The jade people were “Goddess Based, Matriarchal, Semi-Nomadic, Shamanic Cultures” consisting of several tribal groups located within the western Liaohe river valley to the Dalinghe river valley and the northern bank of the Bohai Bay, south of the Yanshan Mountain. The tribes that pre-date the LiangZhu period have not been officially named and are only referred to as Late Neolithic ~ 8,000 to 4,500 BCE. Many of their ancient sites are just newly discovered, due to a large Chinese government dam and infrastructure project that has now begun to flood these ancient ceremonial centers. These centers were used for over 6,500 years and contain hundreds of thousands of tombs. Archaeologists raced quickly to collect as much information as possible before these sites were destroyed. Artifacts from these tombs and ceremonial areas span many ages and style changes from the oldest (8,000 BCE) to the youngest (Historic era, beginning 0 CE) Archaeological strata.

The Niuheliang site belongs to the late period of LiangZhu culture, 3,500 BCE. Located at the three loess mountain ridges which stretches about 10 km at the valley of Nuluerhu Mountain, where Jianping county and Lingyuan county of Chaoyang city meet. The Goddess Temples, the Sacrificial Altars and the Stone Platform Mound groups are distributed regularly across the rolling hills about 10,000m across from east to west and about 5,000m from north to south. These platform mounds form a large scale pre-historic ceremonial and sacrificial site complex that stands alone, beyond the residential area. Niuheliang is located in the center of a network leading to all the regions of the Hong Shan area, now called the Northeast River District. It is imbued with all the characteristics of a very sacred place ~ a political, trade and ceremonial center. The Ancient Shamanic people were builders of temples, pyramids and cities, who created some of the earliest nephrite jade and stone carvings. Their sophisticated carving techniques employed technologies that exceeded simple explanations.

[The Neolithic Mongolian skull at larger size below. I have previously published a finer example as definitive proof that the Mongolian Almas is a surviving Neanderthal: there are also Neanderthal-like teeth that bolster that theory, and they range up to possibly at least as recent as 1000 BC-DD]
[The premise that the chinese and Mesoamerican crystal and Jade skulls are culturally related is probable: however since the skulls are also featured on nephrite figural celts and West Indian Zemis, I would expect that it was an Atlantean tradition which both areas subsequently picked up. There was probably some later mutual reinforcement through transPacific contact. but the original culture that stated it was old, old, at the beginning of the Neolithic and quite probably before the 8000-10000 years ago estimated here. It also does seem that the jade and crystal skulls in both Central Asia (including Mongolia and Tibet) as well as in Mesoamerica include anatomically correct to anatomically approximate depictions of TWO types of relic hominids: one resembling Peking Man Homo erectus or the Neanderthalers, and the other resembling Gigantopithecus, up until possibly what we count as the Viking Age in Europe. -DD]




Representation of a "Monkey-Man" or "Howler Monkey" (Baatz) chewing on a snake at temple II at Copan, one of two at the site and both the most clear depiction of the living type in Mayan artwork.

Ivan Sanderson spoke of the possibility of BOTH "Peking Man" and Gigantopithecus as crossing the Bering land bridge BEFORE any of the more usual humans we would recognise did so: and in the case of these sculpted skulls and their fully-fleshed counterpart representations, I think we have evidence for both categories of "Abominables" on both sides of the Pacific (allowing that the Almas type is sometimes interprested to be a Neanderthaler and sometimes more like erectus. A quick glance at the skull of Peking Man does show that its contours are surprisingly like a smaller version of the Neanderthal)
Please also see the Appendix from Sanderson at the bottom of this posting.

It is probably of some significance that the Mayan Mythology recognises several successive creations and destructions of the world. We are the Fourth World and the one before us was the Third World, destroyed ina deluge. The people of the Third World were made out of wood ("Winik-Te" or Persons of Wood) and the survivors were turned into monkeys and went to live in the woods. Then current humanity was created out of corn. That the modern agricultural Mayas were "Made out of Corn" is merely a restatement of "You are what you eat", but in this case I think that the original meaning of the "People of Wood" was that they were "People who lived in the Woods", a pretty common name for Wildmen, Woodwoses or Salvages (Literally Foresters). And so I think the tradition of "Monkey People" is a duisguised reference to Wildmen or Apemen. In South America they would be called Didis, Maricoxi, or even Salvages once again. Ivan Sanderson wrote an important paper in the journal Genus at one time concerning the South American types, and in it he stated his conviction that the descriptions applied to relic Neanderthal men. Austin Whittall on the other hand believes them  to be residuals of Homo erectus and adduces several pieces of Aboriginal art (including faces/portraits) and even records of recognised Archaeologically-obtained fossil skulls which seem to fall into the same general type. Going by the German Crystal Skull in question, there are some views wich are strikingly Neanderthal-like and others which are strikingly erectus-like, in particular resembling so-called Java Man. The monkeys which the Mayan Antediluvians turned into were Black Howler Monkeys or "B'aats", but the word also means "Ancestors." I would suggest the word is mis-applied, the usual Maya word for Monkey is Chuen. I also suspect that there is some confusion between a more manlike creature and a more apelike one in the information presumably pertaining to the Sisimite, much as in the case of the Didi; and in fact it might be useful to think of the Mayan Monkey-Men as being contiguous to the Didis of Northern South America.


And it does seem odd to me that some archaeologists have come down so hard on even the very idea that Mayans even made Crystal Skulls. There are certainly skulls in different kinds of stone and jade at all sizes from very small to above-lifesize, and some of the purported Crystal skulls seem to be genuine (see above) The ones we are calling legitimate are stylistically close to some of the ones which are called fakes on mere assumption that there were no Mayan crystal skulls and they must be fakes. However there is even a specific name in the Mayan language which means "Crystal Skull" and it is Pet Jol. This is clearly distinguished from ordinary skulls or even skulls carved of ordinary stone.  Best Wishes, Dale D.

APPENDIX: Another Mayan "Monkey" Skull in the News
http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2011/11/18/monkey-shaped-skull-was-sports-gear-for-mayan-afterlife-expert-says/
"A toothy Mayan skull, made of limestone and in the shape of a monkey head, is set to go on display at a Maya exhibition at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto Canada.
But unlike the famous crystal skulls, which are widely regarded as fake, this one is believed to be real.
The skull is roughly life-size and small enough that you can hold it in your hands. It has eight inlaid white teeth made of shell in two groups of four, with a black["gold"] tooth made of iron pyrite in the middle. The mouth of the skull is wide open, and the eyes may have originally had shells in them."


APPENDIX: Sanderson on the distribution of the Sasquatch, from Abominable Snowmen: Legend Come to Life
 p. 370


What could the Neo-Giants be and why should they have the apparently extraordinary distribution that they are alleged to have? At first both questions sound unanswerable but both are really amenable to very simple suggestions. Some years ago (1937) one Dr. von Koenigswald was searching through bottles of old fossil bones and teeth in a Chinese apothecary's store in Hong Kong when he came across a human molar tooth that was at least ten times in volume that of any ever grown by a man. And thus started the affair of what has been named Gigantopithecus, an enormous something, that once inhabited south China and left its bones in limestone caves. The controversy about this creature has been extensive and intense. Dr. Koenigswald's associate, Prof. Weidenreich, named the tooth Gigantopithecus, which means the giant "monkey" or by license "ape," rather than Gigantothropus or the Giant Man, because he was a very conservative and ultra-cautious soul. However, even before further remains of the brute had been found, other leading scholars stated that it was misnamed and was definitely a Hominid. [I had the privilege of examining the tooth all one afternoon in the American Museum of Natural History, and comparing it with the molars of all manner of men, current and fossil, and with apes, and for what my opinion is worth, it is certainly most strongly hominid.]

The tooth remained a ghastly enigma until 1956 when a Chinese farmer by the name of Chin Hsiu-Huai dug guano out of a cave in a mountain named Luntsai in Szechwan and spread it on his field. In this was found a part of a jaw with teeth of the same kind. Dr. Pei Wen-Chung, doyen of Chinese anthropologists, set up a prolonged search and found some fifty more teeth and, allegedly, a number of limb bones of the creature. He said that these indicated that it was a 12-foot tall, bipedal, carnivorous [sic] ape, than which there could hardly be a longer list of non sequiturs. Its teeth are utterly human, not just humanoid or hominid; if it walked erect, it was not an


p. 371


ape—not at that size and weight; and if it was carnivorous [which its teeth do not at all indicate] it was, again, not an ape as that seems to be just about the only distinguishing thing about the diet of that group—they are all profoundly herbivorous, though gibbons will take insects.


The other question debated about this brute has been whether [if it is not an ape but a Hominid], it belongs with the Pithecanthropines of North China and Java—to wit: Sinanthropus, Pithecanthropus, and the giant Meganthropus. This is not really very important to us but the manifest fact that it was a Hominid and not a Pongid is so, and leads to certain potent observations. If it was really that size, or even over six feet tall, it must have been a terrestrial creature, and if it was an ape it would have walked on all fours like the gorilla. Nothing that size can travel by treetops. If it was not an ape, it started out with the hominid type of foot, which is what is called plantigrade, and neither it nor its ancestors ever needed to develop a specialized great toe, which was opposed and worked like a thumb. Thus, this creature, primitive as it may have been, probably had a very human type of foot on which to support its immense bulk. Whatever it was, it lived in what is now southern China.


Now let us look at Map X. This area is a part of Orientalia, and is today subtropical. The mountains that surround it are those of the Indo-Chinese Massif and of the Szechwan Block. These areas are the lands of the Dzu-Tehs, Toks, Kung-Lus, and Gin-Sungs—the huge, furred "bear-men" or "men-bears" of ancient Chinese, Mongolian, and Tibetan legend and of current ABSM lighters. But then comes another thing. What else lives in and previously lived in this area? This is the land of the Metasequoia, of the raccoons called pandas, of certain curious little insectivorous mammals, of several odd amphibians, and of numerous invertebrates including a lot of most rare and odd parasitic forms. And where else, if anywhere, are any of these or their only relatives found today? In the northwestern part of North America!


There is still a continuous causeway of mountains from Szechwan all the way [to the west of China proper] to and


p. 372


through Manchuria to eastern Siberia. Because of increasing altitude toward the south (see Chapter 18), this is clothed in the same type of montane forest all the way. The same kinds of forest start again on the other side of the paltry Bering Strait, in Alaska, and continue on down in an almost unbroken chain to Tierra del Fuego at the very bottom end of South America. Moreover, sometime during the recent ice-advances and retreats, all manner of Siberian animals crossed over to the New World—like the Brown Bears, the Moose, the Elk, and others; and finally, the Amerinds, and then the Eskimos, did so too. Why on earth, should or could not a large sub-hominid also have done so, and simply by following the richly stocked montane forests all the way? That low temperatures could have prevented or even dissuaded them from doing so is just not valid, for, if the Dzu-Tehs are their living representatives, they can travel in snow without any trouble, and crossing the Bering Straits [even without a land-bridge due to alterations in sea level or elevation of the land], is no problem, for you can always walk across the ice in winter. It looks, therefore, very much as if Bernard Heuvelmans might have been right when he suggested that the largest type of ABSM in northern Orientalia could be a descendant of the Gigantopithecus, and the bolder his suggestion seems now, when it is realized that at that time (1952) the consensus was that that creature was an ape.